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川普石油政策
Oil industry leaders and experts have conflicting opinions about what the policies of U.S. President-Elect Donald Trump could mean for the oil industry.
候任總統川普的政策對石油行業來說可能意味着什麼?石油行業的領導者和專家對此意見並不統一。
Low oil prices have hurt profits for leading oil companies in recent years. However, prices are rising again, creating other problems.
近年來低油價已經損害了主要石油公司的利潤。然而，油價再次上漲又引發了其它問題。
Jack Gerard is president of the American Petroleum Institute, a group that represents the oil industry.
傑克•傑拉德(Jack Gerard)是代表石油行業的美國石油學會的主席。
Gerard notes that Trump has promised to change regulations and reform taxes. He says that could help energy companies and lead to more oil industry jobs.
傑拉德指出，川普已經承諾修改法規和改革稅收。他說，這對能源公司可能會有幫助，還可能會帶來更多石油行業的'就業崗位。
Gerard said America's oil and natural gas industries support 9.8 million jobs. He thinks the industry could create hundreds of thousands of additional jobs if what he called "smart" regulation was put in place. He says the "smart" rules would replace ones that appear to duplicate existing measures or are in competition with them.
傑拉德表示，美國的石油和天然氣行業提供了980萬個就業崗位。他認爲，如果他所謂的“靈活法規”能夠到位，該行業還能創造十萬個新的就業崗位。他說，這些靈活的規章將會取代現有重複規章或是與其展開競爭。
Other observers say some of Trump's proposed policies and his statements present problems for international oil markets.
其他觀察家表示，川普提出的一些政策及他發表的一些聲明給國際石油市場帶來了麻煩。
Diane Munro is an oil industry expert. In December, she wrote a story for the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, DC. The non-profit group aims to increase understanding of the Gulf States in the United States.
戴安•蒙羅(Diane Munro)是一位石油專家。她在12月爲華盛頓特區的阿拉伯海灣國家研究所寫了一篇報道。這家非營利性組織旨在增進美國對海灣國家的瞭解。
Munro wrote that some of Trump's statements present, in her words, a "cauldron of contradictions." For example, Trump has strongly criticized the 2015 nuclear agreement between Iran and world powers. The agreement eases many economic restrictions on Iran in return for limits on its nuclear activities. The president-elect said he would consider canceling the deal.
蒙羅寫道，川普的一些聲明引發了一堆矛盾。例如，川普強烈批評伊朗同世界大國之間2015年簽訂的核協議。該協議減輕了對伊朗的諸多經濟限制，以換取對伊朗核活動的限制。候任總統表示會考慮取消這項協議。
Munro wrote that Trump also has threatened to ban oil imports from the Middle East, accusing oil producers there of unfairly controlling prices. Statements against the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) have been considered unfriendly to Gulf countries and Saudi Arabia, she noted.
蒙羅寫道，川普還威脅禁止從中東進口石油，並指責石油生產國不公平控制價格。她指出，這些針對石油輸出國組織(簡稱歐佩克)的聲明被視爲對海灣國家和沙特不友好。
Munro added that such statements are likely to cause concern or "rattle" the oil market. They also might hurt already the U.S. relationship with Saudi Arabia, which she described as "fraying."
蒙羅還說，這類聲明可能會引起石油市場的擔憂，還可能會損害美國同沙特之間的關係。
Trump's choice for secretary of state called "oil-centric"
川普的國務卿之選被稱之爲“以石油爲中心”
At least one nominee for Trump's cabinet has strong ties to the oil industry. His choice for Secretary of State, Rex Tillerson, retired as chief executive officer at ExxonMobil earlier this month. Tillerson is to receive a retirement deal valued at $180 million from his former employer.
至少有一名川普內閣提名人跟石油行業有着密切關係。他提名了埃克森美孚公司月初退休的前首席執行官雷克斯•蒂勒森(Rex Tillerson)擔任國務卿。蒂勒森將從他的前僱主那獲得價值1.8億美元的退休金。
Gerard praised the nomination as "world class." He said Tillerson's skills can represent the nation well.
傑拉德稱讚這一提名是“世界級的”。他稱蒂勒森的能力可以完美代表美國。
But Munro called the choice "oil-centric." She wrote the nomination appears to show the growing influence of Russia on U.S. policy. She said this will create a mixed message for America's Middle East allies.
但是蒙羅稱這一選擇是“以石油爲中心”。她撰文稱這一提名似乎表明了俄羅斯對美國政策日益增長的影響。她說，這將會給美國的中東盟友帶去矛盾的信號。
Tillerson has good relations with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Under his leadership, ExxonMobil has developed oil projects in Russia and also in the South China Sea, with Vietnam.
蒂勒森同俄羅斯總統普京關係良好。在他的領導下，埃克森美孚公司已經在俄羅斯以及同越南在中國南海開發了石油項目。
Oil prices have been rising since OPEC members announced a deal to reduce production in late November.
自從歐佩克成員國11月下旬宣佈減產協議以來，石油價格一路上漲。
OPEC has historically had a difficult time enforcing its agreements, however. It is difficult to predict how the cartel's latest move will affect prices this year.
然而歐佩克歷來難以執行其協議。很難預測該卡特爾最近的舉措將會如何影響今年的石油價格。
I'm Mario Ritter.
Words in This Story
regulation – n. an official rule about how something should be done
duplicate – v. to make something that is basically a copy of something else
contradict – v. to make the opposite argument
cauldron – n. a large pot used to mix things in, often magical potions
cartel – n. a group that fixes prices among members of a group of producers
