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Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.
Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.
Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. (76) Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.
1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it ______.
A. was difficult to collect
B. came in a variety of forms
C. was difficult to get rid of
D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects
答案：C 答案是開頭的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of ose of“處理解決”。
2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?
A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.
B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.
C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.
D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.
答案：B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他們設計了一種收集系統，它不但利用身體的熱，還收集由燈泡、冰箱等散發出來的熱。有了這兩種熱能，作者指出在校園中已無需任何conventional fuel
phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means ______.
A. if the winter is especially warm
B. during all of the year except the winter
C. in the winter as well as in other seasons
D. during the evenings in the winter
答案：C 第二段中說：大多數現代化的大樓有些部分-戲院、辦公室以及教室是用人體和燈光的熱來供熱的，有時候甚至在冬天的空調也是由它們來供熱。Even意爲“甚至”。
4. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a ______.
A. method of concealing the source of heat
B. special form of air conditioning
C. supplementary hot water system
D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat
答案：D 回收再利用熱能。此題考察學生對全文的總結能力，以及reclaim和re-use的詞義。
5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?
A. A fat female who studies hard.
B. A thin female who does not study.
C. A fat male who does not study.
D. A thin male who studies hard.
答案：B 最後一段倒數第二句說：男學生髮出的熱量比女生髮出的熱量多，學生體重越重產生的熱量越多。學習刻苦的'比學習不刻苦的產生的熱量多。所以最瘦的女生產生的熱量最少。
Education is vital to a nation which holds the reins of economy over the world, so it is to an individual who strives for better livelihood in a highly competitive society like the Americans.
New technology and automation create opportunities as well as challenges to the American people. Machines now take the sweat out of labor, and computers perform tedious mental chores. They have eliminated many of the menial, dirty, or dull jobs, but also entail challenges that can be met only by a better prepared work force. More education and more skill will be the chief requisite for a job.
In the United States, primary schools and high schools offer a broad education to provide a sound foundation in English, mathematics, arts and physical and social sciences. Subordinate to the broad education, both college preparatory and vocational courses are taught under one roof in the comprehensive high schools. Academic, business and technical courses are taught in the 2-year community and junior colleges. Many of their graduates decide they need more schooling and go on to regular colleges and universities. Skill centers in many large cities provide trainings and retraining for youngsters who leave high school and want to qualify for skilled occupations in industries or subprofessional and technical jobs in service fields. Vocational high schools provide “marketable skills” to young men and women who will never go to colleges. Also there are technical institutes under federal sponsorship and a vast range of in-school and on-the-job training programs financed by labor departments and industries.
does better education mean to the American people?
ation making them learn how to use modern machines.
ation making students be able to communicate with foreigners.
ation including English, mathematics, arts, and physical and social sciences.
ation making a person get well-paid job.
答案C。見原文第三段第一句。由於當今美國的新技術爲從業者帶來了更多的挑戰，在國小和中學裏，開設了一系列的教育課程。C項所述與原文意思相符，故本題的正確答案爲C.
have advanced technology and automation done to Americans?
ted chances and challenges to the Americans.
ed them to get high position in their work.
them manage to earn much more money.
n them chances to communicate with foreigners.
答案A。參見原文第二句。新技術的開發爲美國人創造了機會，同時也帶來了挑戰。A項與原文相符，B、C、D 三項所述不符合原文意思。故本題應選A.
courses are available in a comprehensive high schools?
emic courses.
ematics.
nical courses.
tional courses.
答案D。見原文第三段第二句。在美國綜合性中學裏也講授附屬於普及教育的大學預科和職業課程。D項符合原文。
trainings are available to young people who do not go to colleges after they graduate?
nings in junior colleges.
nings in skill centers.
nings in work.
nings in community colleges.
答案B。見原文第三段第九至十二句。許多離開中學的年輕人想成爲企業中熟練工種的或服務行業中次專業和技術工作的合格人才。許多大城市的技術中心爲他們提供訓練與再訓練的機會。B項符合原文。
h of the following is the major requirement for a job?
education.
skill.
chances.
A) and B).
答案D。見原文第二段最後一句。受過良好教育以及具有較多技能是當今美國人找工作時必須具備的主要條件。D項符合原文;A.B兩項有失偏頗;C項與原文不符。
Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves," he says.
"Resumes(簡歷)arrive with candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate," Crossley concludes. "If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?"
Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees," says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, "we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we are working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else."
