Gorillas comprise the eponymous genus Gorilla, the largest extant genus of primates by size. They are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Africa. The genus is divided into two species and either four or five subspecies. The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of a human, from 95–99% depending on what is counted, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the bonobo and common chimpanzee.
Gorillas' natural habitats cover tropical or subtropical forests in Africa. Although their range covers a small percentage of Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations. The mountain gorilla inhabits the Albertine Rift montane cloud forests of the Virunga Volcanoes, ranging in altitude from 2,200–4,300 metres (7,200–14,100 ft). Lowland gorillas live in dense forests and lowland swamps and marshes as low as sea level, with western lowland gorillas living in Central West African countries and eastern lowland gorillas living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo near its border with Rwanda.
Gorillas move around by knuckle-walking, although they sometimes walk bipedally for short distances while carrying food or in defensive situations. Wild males gorillas weigh 135 to 180 kg (300 to 400 lb) while adult females usually weigh half as much as adult males at 68–113 kg (150–250 lb). Adult males are 1.7 to 1.8 m (5.6 to 5.9 ft) tall, with an arm span that streaches from 2.3 to 2.6 m (7.5 to 8.5 ft). Female gorillas are shorter with smaller arm spans. Occasionally, a silverback of over 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) and 230 kg (510 lb) has been recorded in the wild. Obese gorillas in captivity can weigh as much as 270 kg (600 lb)lla facial structure is described as mandibular prognathism, that is, the mandible protrudes farther out than the maxilla. Adult males also have a prominent sagittal crest.
The eastern gorilla is more darkly colored than the western gorilla, with the mountain gorilla being the darkest of all. The mountain gorilla also has the thickest hair. The western lowland gorilla can be brown or grayish with a reddish forehead. In addition, gorillas that live in lowland forests are more slender and agile than the more bulky mountain gorillas. The eastern gorilla also has a longer face and broader chest than the western gorilla.
Studies have shown gorilla blood is not reactive to anti-A and anti-B monoclonal antibodies, which would, in humans, indicate type O blood. Due to novel sequences, though, it is different enough to not conform with the human ABO blood group system, into which the other great apes fit. Like humans, gorillas have individual finger prints. Their eye color is dark brown, framed by a black ring around the iris. Similar to humans, the leading cause of death in gorillas is cardiovascular disease.
大猩猩組成同名屬大猩猩,最大的現存屬靈長類動物的大小。他們是這樣,主要是食草猿生活在非洲中部的森林。屬分爲兩個物種和四個或五個亞種。大猩猩的DNA是高度相似的人,從95 - 99%取決於數是什麼,他們是未來的.近親人類在倭黑猩猩和常見的黑猩猩。
大猩猩在非洲的自然棲息地覆蓋熱帶或亞熱帶森林。雖然他們的範圍涵蓋了一小部分非洲大猩猩覆蓋廣泛的海拔。艾伯丁裂谷的山地大猩猩棲息于山地森林雲維龍加火山,海拔從2200 - 4300米(7200 - 14100英尺)。低地大猩猩生活在茂密的森林、低地溼地和沼澤低海平面,與西部低地大猩猩生活在西非國家中部和東部低地大猩猩生活在剛果民主共和國和盧旺達邊境附近。
大猩猩移動關節,儘管他們有時兩足行走不同的長短短距離攜帶食物或在防守的情況。野生雄性大猩猩體重135到180公斤(300到400磅),而成年女性通常體重成年男性的一半在68 - 113公斤(150 - 250磅)。成年男性是1.7到1.8米(5.6到5.9英尺)高,有臂展,streaches從2.3到2.6米(7.5到8.5英尺)。雌性大猩猩與小胳膊跨度短。偶爾,銀背大猩猩超過1.8米(5英尺11英寸),體重230公斤(510磅)一直在野外記錄。肥胖的大猩猩圈養可以重達270公斤(600磅)。大猩猩面部結構被描述爲下頜突頜,也就是說,下頜突出比上頜更遠。成年男性也有一個突出的矢狀脊。
大猩猩東部比西部更深色的大猩猩,山地大猩猩是最黑暗的。山地大猩猩也有厚的頭髮。西部低地大猩猩可以與紅棕色或淺灰色的額頭。此外,大猩猩生活在低地森林更苗條和敏捷比笨重的山地大猩猩。東部大猩猩也有更長的臉,更廣泛的胸部比西方的大猩猩。
研究表明大猩猩血液不活性anti-A anti-B單克隆抗體,從而,在人類身上,表明O型血。由於小說序列,它足夠不同的不符合人類的ABO血型系統,其他類人猿的健康。像人類一樣,大猩猩有個人指紋。他們的眼睛的顏色是深棕色,周圍有一圈黑色的虹膜。與人類相似,在大猩猩是心血管疾病死亡的主要原因。
