考研英語閱讀翻譯題主要考察我們主觀的理解能力，對於翻譯題的作答不像其他題一樣一眼就能明白出題點在哪裏。而且翻譯題的對錯評斷也評斷，檢查時要多思考語句。下面是小編收集的關於考研的英語閱讀翻譯的真題以及答案解析，一起來練習一下吧!
第一篇：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.
(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.
This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.
(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals
第二篇：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.
It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.
Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.
To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
第一篇：
46. 物理學中的一個理論把這種歸一的衝動發揮到了極致，它探尋一種萬有理論——一個關於我們能看到的一切的生成方程式。
47. 在這裏，達爾文主義似乎提供了有力的理由，因爲如果全人類有共同的起源，那麼假設文化差異也能夠追溯到更有限的源頭好像就是合理的了。
48. 把差異性和獨特性從共性中過濾出來也許能讓我們理解複雜的文化行爲是如何產生的，是什麼從進化或認知領域指導着它。
49. 約書亞格林伯格爲尋找語言的'共性而付出努力提出了第二種理論。他採用了一個更實用的共性理論，做法是辨認出衆多語言的共有特徵(尤其是按照詞序排列)，這些特徵被認爲代表了由認知侷限導致的偏差。
50. 喬姆斯基生成語法應該表明語言變化的模式，這些模式獨立於族譜或貫穿其中的路徑，然而格林伯格的共性理論預測詞序關係的特殊類別之間(而不是其他)有着強烈的共存性。
第二篇：
46 . 科學家們趕緊拿出某些明顯站不住腳的證據來補救，大致說的是如果鳥兒 不能控制昆蟲數量的話，昆蟲就會把我們吃光。
47. 但是我們至少更傾向於承認這樣一種觀點：那就是鳥兒的生存是它們的固 有權利，不管其存在與否對我們是否有經濟利益。
48. 曾幾何時，生物學家似乎過度使用了以下這條證據：這些生物是爲了維持 食物鏈的正常運行去捕食弱小的生物或只捕食“沒有價值的”物種。
49 . 在生態林業較爲先進的歐洲，沒有成爲商業化對象的樹種被視爲原始森林 羣落的成員適當地加以保護。
50 . 這個系統容易忽視並最終消滅陸地羣落中很多缺乏商業價值的物種，然而 這些物種對於整個生物羣落的健康運行是至關重要的。
