2017年職稱英語考試備考綜合類完形點撥

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2017年職稱英語考試備考綜合類完形點撥

 Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights Loneliness(心靈雞湯:爽心食品排解孤獨感)

Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries. 1 according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2 study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel.

土豆泥,通心粉和奶酪可能對動脈血管有害,但是,據《心理科學》一項研究表明,它們對心臟有利並且能抑制不利情緒。其研究對象是爽心食品,目的是探究人們對爽心食品的感覺。

"For me 3 ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira has 4 non-human things that may affect human people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved si and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 making people think of their nearest and dearest.

“就我而言,食品在我的家庭一直是比較關注的問題”,Jordan Troisi如是說。他是布法羅大學的研究生並且是本次研究的首席作者。該研究出自於他與Shira Gabriel合作的一個研究項目。它關注的是可能影響人類情感的物質的東西。有些人用諸如綁定喜愛的電視節目,和流行音樂歌手建立虛擬的關係或瀏覽親人的照片來排遣孤獨。Troisi和Gabriel想知道爽心食品是否能通過使人們想到他們最親近和最愛的人,同樣達到排遣孤獨的效果。

In one experiment, in order to make 7 feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to rs were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8 wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food. 9 ,the researchers had participants 10 questions about their levels of loneliness. Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.

在一個實驗中,爲使參與者感覺孤獨,研究者讓他們用六分鐘的時間描寫一次與最親近的人吵架的經歷。而要求另外一些人寫一個情感中性的作業。然後,每一組的一些人描寫食用爽心食品的經歷;而其他的人描寫食用新食品的經歷。最後,研究者讓參與者書面回答關於孤獨程度的問題。

But people who were generally 11 in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food."We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us."says Troisi."Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others."In 12 essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 of eating food with family and friends.

描寫與親人吵架的經歷使人感到孤獨。但是,一般來說,人們的關係若處於穩定狀態,通過描寫他們吃爽心食品的經歷會排遣一些孤獨感。Troisi說道:“我們已經得出這樣的結論:爽心食品與我們的親人密切相連,想一想或之後真正食用這種食品會提醒人們注意到他們的親人。”在所有關於爽心食品的文章中,許多人都描述了與家人和朋友共同進餐的經歷。

In another experiment, 14 chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.

在另外一個實驗中,在實驗喝雞湯令人想到和其他人的關係,但是,這隻有在他們把雞湯認爲是爽心食品的時候纔會發生。參與者被要求回答這個問題和許多其他問題是在這個實驗很久以前,因此他們不會記得。

Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15 with others," Troisi says."Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness.

“在每一個人的日常生活中,都會經歷緊張,而這往往與人際關係有關,爽心食品可能是排遣孤獨的便利食品”。Troisi如是說。

詞彙

mashed /mæʃt/ adj.被搗成糊漿的

macaroni/ macaroni/ n.通心粉

cheese / tʃi:z / n.奶酪

artery/ artery / n.動脈

assignment / ə'sainmənt / n.指定作業

reminder / reminder/ n.起提醒作用的東西

remedy /remedy/ n.治療方法,藥物

virtual/'və:tʃuəl/ adj.虛擬的'

註釋:

ort food:爽心食品

2. graduate student:研究生

3. The University of Buffalo:布法羅大學,建校於1846 年,位於水牛城( Buffalo City) ,屬於紐約州立大學,因此稱爲紐約州立大學水牛城分校。

4. lead author:首席作者

5. their nearest and dearest:他們最接近和最親愛的人

6. levels of loneliness:孤獨程度

7. only if: 只有(在……情況下)

8. Throughout everyone's daily lives:在每一個人的日常生活中。through 有“貫穿”的意思。

練習:

1.A but B if C though D while

2.A personality B movement C emotions D will

3.A privately B usefully C awfully D personally

4.A looked for B looked at C looked after D looked up

5.A favorite B trustful C boring D annoying

6.A with B on C by D at

7.A professors B participants C assistants D scientists

8.A group B class C section D part

9.A Previously B Formally C Initially D Finally

10.A remember B explain C rewrite D complete

11.A sad B secure C shy D angry

12.A your B our C his D their

13.A accident B harm C experience D model

14.A eating B exchanging C buying D keeping

15.A expressions B estimation C cooperation D connections

答案與題解:

l. A本句前半句說土豆泥、通心粉等對血管有害( bad) ,後半句說這些食物對心臟有利 (good) 。很明顯,前半句與後半句意思相反,所以要選轉折連接詞but加以連接。

2. C 根據常識判斷,吃土豆泥不會對personality (性格) ment (移動)或will (意志力)產生有利影響。隨後的文章,多處提到吃爽心食品( favorite food )有助於排解孤獨感。所以選emotions 是正確的。

3.D本題的答案是personally0 For me personally (就我個人而言)與下文的意思很連貫。 privately (私下地)、usefully (有用地)或awfully (可怕地)與下文的意思搭不上,所以不會是答案。

4. B 本題的答案是looked at0。“looked at non-human things” 相當於“studied (研究) nonhuman things”,與上下文的意思很匹配。looked for(尋找)、looked after (照顧)和looked up(查找)與下文的意思搭配不上。

5.A本句的意思是:人們爲了排解孤獨感,常常把自己和電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等等聯繫起來。選項中有四個形容詞,應該選哪一個形容詞去修飾TV shows 呢?應該選褒義的形容詞: favorite (喜愛的)或trustful ( 可信任的)。但對電視劇來說談不上信任的問題。favorite 最合理,是本題答案。

6. C 上一句說到,人們爲了排解孤獨感,常常把自己和喜愛的電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等等聯繫起來。於是Troisi 和Gabriel 想,通過吃爽心食品讓他們想起親近的人,是不是也能產生同樣的排解孤獨感的效果呢?四個介詞中只有by的詞義是“通過”。其餘三個介詞在含義上都不合適。

7.B 選professors(教授)、assistants(助手)或scientists(科學家)不合常理,科學家選實驗對象時不會選他們。participants ( 參與者)是本題的答案。

8.A本題應該選group,指每一組的參與者。用class (班級), section (部門)或part (部分)在意義上顯然都不合適。

9. D 本段敘述試驗的幾個步驟。第一步要一部分受試者描寫與親人的爭鬥,其他受試者寫情感上中性的話題。第二步(文中用then 加以連接)將上述兩組受試者中的每一組再一分爲二,一些人描寫吃爽心食品的經歷,另一些人描寫吃新食品的經歷。接下來應該是第三步了。從四個選項中尋找,只有Finally 最合適,原來第三步就是最後一步了。

1O.D 實驗的最後一步是受試者被要求書面回答10個問題。complete 是答案。要求他們 remember(記住)、delete (刪除)或rewrite (重寫) questions 都不合乎邏輯。

11. B 與親近的人爭吵會引發孤獨感,但是,一般說來,人們的關係若是通常處於什麼狀態,通過寫出他們吃爽心食物的經歷會降低他們的孤獨感呢?一定不會是sad、shy或angry ,答案應該是secure (穩定的)。

12.D 修飾essays 的所有格代詞在人稱與數上要與they 一致,所以their 是答案。

13. C “eating food with family and friends” 是一種experience (經歷),不會是一個accident (事故)、harm (危害)或model ()。很明顯, experience 是本題的答案。

14.A 文章中幾次提到吃爽心食物有助於緩解孤獨感。所以本題選eating 是很自然的。其他三個選項, exchanging (交換)、buying (買)或keeping (保留)若填入句子中,與後面的賓語chicken soup in the lab 連用,意思上說不通。

15.D 本題的答案是connections。其他三個選項在意思上都不合適。