1. -age：
short+ age→shortage n. 缺乏，不足
E.g. The shortage of oil will probably drive prices up.
石油短缺很有可能迫使價格上漲。
shrink+ age→shrinkage n. 收縮
E.g. There has been much shrinkage of the clothes in the wash.
這些衣服洗後已縮了很多。
2.-al：
approv(e)+ al→approval n. 同意，認可
E.g. They voiced their approval of the plan.
他們對這項計劃表示贊成。
arriv(e)+ al→arrival n. 到達，到來
E.g. The arrival of him sparkled to the party.
他的到來使聚會變得生動活潑了。
3.-ance， -ence：
import + ance→importance n. 重要性
E.g. The conference underscored the importance of modern industry.
會議強調了現代工業的重要性。
confid(e)+ ence→confidence n. 自信心
E.g. Tom blames his lack of confidence on his mother.
湯姆把他的缺乏信心歸咎於他母親。
4.-ency：
consist + ency→consistency n. 連貫性，一致性
E.g. There's always a lack of consistency in matters of foreign policy.
外交政策總是缺乏連貫性。
urg(e)+ ency→urgency n. 緊迫性
E.g. In case of urgency,call the police.
一旦發生緊急情況，打電話給警察。
5.-cy：
bankrupt + cy→bankruptcy n. 破產
E.g. His failure knelled the bankruptcy of the company.
他的'失敗宣告了公司的破產。
diploma + cy→diplomacy n. 外交
E.g. The government is placing its faith in international diplomacy.
政府對國際外交關係充滿信心。
