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Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies,a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished -- many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary (冠狀的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
41. What does the new study discover?
A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.
B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to under-weight babies.
C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.
42. Gussani and his team are sure that__________.
A. babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz
B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to under-weight babies
C. the birth weight of babies in Santa Cruz is the lovest
D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished
43. It can be infereed from what Giussani says in Paragrah 4 that __________.
A. the finding was unexpected
B. he was very tired
C. the study took longer than expected
D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz
44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the under-wight babies is __________.
A. lack of certain nutrition
B. poverty of their mother
C. different family backgrounds
D. reduction of oxygen levels
45. It can be learned from the last paragrah that__________.
A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life
B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span
C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth
D. newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies
答案與解析
41.B。細節題。題幹：新的研究發現了什麼?利用題幹關鍵詞new study可以定位到第一段的第一句，可知“那些生活在世界最高的社區的婦女可能會生出體重不達標的嬰兒”，所以B(生活在高海拔地區的.女性可能會生出體重不達標的嬰兒)爲正確答案。
42.A。細節題。題幹：Giussani和他的團隊確定的是 __________。利用題幹關鍵詞Giussani and his team和sure可以定位到第四段的首句，可知“足夠確定的是，Giussani發現La Paz地區的嬰兒出生時的平均體重與Santa Cruz相比明顯輕得多”，所以該題正確答案爲A(出生在La Paz的嬰兒比出生在Santa Cruz的嬰兒平均體重輕)。
43.A。細節題。題幹：根據第四段Giussani所說，可以推斷出 __________。利用題幹關鍵詞Giussani says in Paragraph 4可以定位第四段，從中可知“我們對這個結果感到很吃驚”，所以推知結果是意料之外的，故該題答案爲A(發現是意料之外的)。
44.D。細節題。題幹：研究結果表明造成嬰兒體重不達標的原因是 __________。利用題幹關鍵詞result ofthe study和reason等可以定位倒數第五段，可知“研究結果表明出生在高海拔地區的嬰兒在出生前就被剝奪了氧氣(呼吸較少的氧氣)”，由此不難得出該題的答案爲D(氧氣的減少)。
45.B。推斷題。題幹：根據最後一段可以推斷出 __________。根據最後一段可知，在La Paz地區出生的孩子在成年後有患心臟病的風險，體重不達標是患冠心病的一個因素，新出生的頭比身子大的孩子在今後的生活中可能會有患高血壓和中風的風險。由此可知，選項A與原文不一致，選項C和D未提及，因此可以推斷這些孩子因爲患病概率較大因而壽命不太長，故該題答案爲B(體重不達標的嬰兒壽命比較短)。
