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It's an annual occurrence in the dry season: a smoky, hazardous haze blankets southern Malaysia and Singapore. This year it was so bad that in some affected areas there was a 100 percent rise in the number of asthma cases. Hundreds of schools were closed, and the government of Malaysia (1)______gas masks.
The source of the pollution lies across the Malacca Strait in Indonesia where(2) ______burning of forests to clear space for palm oil plantations continues unabated
Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono offered a public (3)______for what has happened and asked for the understanding of Singapore and Malaysia.
The Indonesian president promised to prosecute anyone (4)______in illegal slash-and-bum t Southeast Asian companies are reportedly under (5)______
But the ongoing deforestation seems to contradict past promises. In 2009, President Yudhoyono pledged to reduce by 26 percent greenhouse gas (6)______, caused mostly by deforestation. And in 2011he instituted a moratorium protecting designated forest areas. In exchange, (7)______ conscious Norway pledged $1 billion to support these efforts.
Ariana Alisjahbana at the World Resources Institute says local officials are not supporting the national plan."Actually it's a lack of coordination and lack of enforcement. So when we look over all the different rules Indonesia has on the books, (8) ______ speaking they're very, very good ones. But they're just not (9)______ "said Alisjahbana
Although the economic incentive to replace forests with farms hampers conservation, Alisjahbana says long-term progress is being made.
But she says a greater commitment to stop the slash-and-bum (10)______through incentives and strict penalties for violations is needed.
A. transport
B. illegal
C. apology
D. cheat
E. deforestation
F. out
G. enforced
H. involved
I. distributed
J. environmentally
K. theoretically
L. emissions
M. practical
N. examination
O. investigation
每年在旱季都會有這樣的事情發生：到處瀰漫的有害煙霧籠罩馬來西亞南部和新加坡。今年情況很惡劣，在某些受影響地區罹患肺炎的病例數量翻倍。成百上千的學校都關門了，馬來西亞政府(36) 分發防煙口罩。
污染源在馬六甲海峽的另一側，即印尼一側，燃燒森林騰出空地種植棕櫚油種植園的(37. 非法行爲持續發生，有增無減。
印尼總統蘇西洛•班邦•尤多約諾對於所發生的事情進行公開(38) 道歉，請求新加坡和馬來西亞的理解。
印尼總統承諾要懲治所有(39)參與到非法砍伐燃燒活動中的人。據報道，八家東南亞公司正在接受(40) 調查。
但森林面積持續減少似乎與之前的承諾自相矛盾。2009年，尤多約諾總統誓言要降低26%的`溫室氣體(41) 排放量，這些氣體主要是由於森林面積減少造成的。作爲交換，有(42)環境意識的挪威政府承諾用10億美元支持這一工作。
世界資源研究院的阿瑞納•阿里斯亞班納說當地政府不支持這項全國計劃。
阿里斯亞班納說： “事實上，這是因爲缺乏協作和執行。所以我們在瀏覽這些書中印尼的種種規定的時候，雖然(43) 理論上都是非常非常好的，但就是缺少(44) 執行。”
雖然用森林改耕地的經濟誘因妨礙了對話，阿里斯亞班納說：長期的進步正在進行。
但她說：要通過經濟誘導和嚴厲的懲罰制止砍伐燃燒導致的(45) 森林面積減少事件的發生，人們需要做出更大的努力。
