Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.以下是小編爲大家搜索整理的全國英語專業四級考試完形填空新題型練習，希望能給大家帶來幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this (36), every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist (人類學家), there is no intrinsic(37)of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy(等級制度) among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as (38) and undeveloped forms of speech,consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the(39)of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or(40 )structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which41the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however,two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to(42)the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in"backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly(43)and complicated.
This study of language, in turn, (44)a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed(45), and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.
A. savage
B. superiority
C. conceive
D. transfer
E. identification
matical
G. reflect
H. reveals
I. numerous
J . independently
K. exclusive
L. casts
M. sense
N. confidentially
O. possess
文化是人類某一特定羣體所有傳統、風俗、信仰及生活方式的總和。從這種[36]意義上說，每個羣體都有一種文化，不管在我們看來，它是多麼野蠻、不發達或未開化。
對於專業的人類學家而言，沒有哪種文化在本質上比另一種[37]優越，這就像對於專業的語言學家而言。語言之間並沒有內在的等級一樣。
人們曾經認爲落後羣體的語言就是[38]野蠻的、不發達的言語形式，主要包括咕噥和呻吟。儘管一般來說，語言有可能是以一系列的咕噥和呻吟的形式開始的，但是，通過對“落後”語言的研究證實，今天沒有哪種語言符合這種描述。按照我們的最嚴格標準來講，作爲[39]傳遞思想的工具，多數未開化人羣的語言極其複雜、縝密，並具有獨創性。這些語言在語音模式或[40]語法結構上通常能完全滿足語言的所有需求，並不落後於我們西方的語言，比我們落後的只是[41]反映這些說話者所知物體及活動的詞彙。然而，即使是在這方面，也有兩點值得一提：1.所有語言都[42]擁有拓展詞彙的'機制，要麼是通過將現存詞彙組合在一起來拓展，要麼是通過從其他語言中借入一些詞並將其改造以適應自身體系來實現。2.在這些[43]“落後的”語言中，儘管那些需要 名字及區分的物體及活動與我們不同，它們卻都經常是多得出奇、複雜得出奇。
對於語言的研究反過來讓人們對人類學家的斷言——所有的文化都該被[45]獨立看待，而不該帶着等級觀念去看待——[44]有了新的認識。
