託福語法試題(一)
1. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female member
C. the first female member who
D. of whom the first female member
答案：A
分析：主語同位語結構。B中多了一個謂語was，因爲後面已經有一個謂語動詞served， 一個句子中出現2個謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯; C中who多餘，用法也不正確;D中of whom多餘，不是定語從句，考的是同位語結構。
參考譯文：Frances Perkins，是美國內閣的第一爲女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內閣擔任勞工部祕書。
2. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.
A. is added baking powder
B. added baking powder is
C. is baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
答案：D
分析：When爲狀語從句引導詞;語序應該爲正常語序，A，C錯;B語序混亂，明顯應該用被動形式，而且有固定結構add to.
參考譯文：當把烘烤用粉加到麪糰里加熱的時候，會釋放出二氧化碳，使得麪糰漲開。
3. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is calculating
D. Calculated
答案：B
分析：to calculate，這裏用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的邏輯主語是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主語，句子不完整。
參考譯文：遺傳學家運用概率的理論來計算在後代中擁有相似特點個體佔有的百分比。
補充： 如同A的形式， 逗號前面就是一個名詞短語， 然而正確的句子裏， 名詞短語要麼作爲主語的同位語， 要麼本身是主語， 如11題。 否則就是脫離句子成分， 成爲錯誤。
4. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements， where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts， rather than on improvisation.
A. is more
B. whenever more
C. there is more
D. more
答案：C
分析：where引導狀語從句，後面缺主謂。
參考譯文：大型樂隊爵士依賴於固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂的樂器超過一個，而不是現聲發揮。
5. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
答案：D
分析：those是泛指，這裏應該用their來特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.
參考譯文：因爲海藻們的不同特性，植物學家把他們分成7個不同的組別或分支。
6. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material， _________ of DNA and various types of protein.
A. consisting
B. as to consist
C. consist
D. which consisting
答案：A
分析：分詞作狀語。如果用consist的話，應該用個conj.後面加個完整的句子。
參考譯文：染色體現今被認爲是主要的遺傳物質攜帶者，這些遺傳物質由DNA和各種各樣的蛋白質組成。
7. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.
A. that normally
B. of which it normally
C. normally
D. that it normally
答案：A
分析：句中出現is和preys兩個謂語動詞，一定是個複合句;用that引導定語從句，pinniped爲先行詞，that後爲不完整句。
參考譯文：美洲虎海豹是僅有的捕食企鵝和其他海豹的鰭足類動物。
8. _________ “nova” means new， novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.
A. That
B. Why
C. Although
D. It is
答案：C
分析：空格後有2個完整句，空格處需要一個conj.
參考譯文：儘管nova意味着新的，但其實新星們是存在了很久而突然閃耀出光輝的恆星。
9. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________， Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.
A. Earth is
B. is from Earth
C. what is Earth
D. is it Earth
答案：A
分析：比較結構的對稱性：Mars is farther …… than Earth is，is後省略了from the Sun
參考譯文：因爲火星比地球離太陽要遠，火星繞太陽轉一圈的時間要比地球長。
10. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.
A. a complex network
B. how a complex network
C. a complex network and
D. a network that is complex
答案：A
分析：缺賓語。B中的從句只有主語，句子不完整，錯;C中and作爲連詞，後面缺謂語，錯;D錯，因爲of前應該爲名詞。
參考譯文：社會系統就是一個社會關係的複雜網絡，這個網絡裏把成員的行爲方式向核心價值觀靠攏。
