Whales鯨
Cetacean pod nostril baleen scrape
Whales are the largest and most powerful creatures on earth. They live in all of the oceans of the world. They are not fish. Whales are mammals. They are warm-blooded. They breathe air. They give birth to live young. Baby whales drink their mother's milk.
鯨魚是地球上體型最大、最強大的生物。它們分佈在世界的各個海洋。它們並不是魚類，而是哺乳動物。它們是暖血動物。它們呼吸。它們生育幼子。而鯨魚寶寶以鯨魚媽媽的母乳爲食。
Whales are called Cetaceans. Other Cetaceans include dolphins and porpoises. Whales are social creatures. They travel in groups called pods or schools. They breathe through their nostrils, called blowholes. They must surface above the water to breathe. The blowhole is on top of the whale's head. When whales breathe out, this vapor looks like a fountain. The blowhole is closed when the whale dives below the ocean. Some whales can stay under the water for up to an hour.
鯨魚也被稱作爲鯨目動物。其他的鯨目動物包括海豚、鼠海豚。鯨魚是一種羣居動物。它們成羣結隊地在海洋穿梭，被稱之爲鯨羣。它們通過鼻腔也就是所謂的氣孔呼吸。它們必須浮到水面以上才能呼吸。它們的氣孔在它們頭部頂部。當鯨魚呼氣時，呼出的水汽就像一個噴泉。當鯨魚在海底遊動時，這個氣孔是關閉的。有的鯨魚能在水底待接近一個小時。
Sperm whales are the largest of the toothed whales. They have a huge square snout. These snouts contain almost a ton of oil. Early whale hunters went after the sperm whales. They live off the coast of North America and sometimes move to the polar seas.
抹香鯨是齒鯨中最大的。它們有一個巨大的方形的鼻子。這個鼻子中含有接近一噸的油。早期的捕鯨人獵捕抹香鯨。它們生活在北美洲海岸之外，有時也遷徙到極地海洋。
A whale's flippers balance and steer the creature. The two parts of its tail are called flukes. They move up and down and push the whale through the water. The mother whale is called a cow. Her baby is born under water. She pushes it up to the surface for its first breath. The baby calf can swim immediately.
鯨魚通過魚鰭來平衡和控制。它尾巴的兩部分被稱爲尾鰭。通過上下襬動推動鯨魚在水底穿梭。母鯨被稱作爲大型雌獸。她在水下分娩寶寶。她把寶寶推到水面上來完成鯨魚寶寶的第一次呼吸。隨後鯨魚幼獸就立即能遊動起來。
Whales with teeth are called toothed whales. Those having no teeth are called baleen whales. The baleen whale has blades of whalebone hanging down from the roof of its mouth. The whale swims with its mouth open and traps sea creatures. It closes its mouth and the blades act like a filter. Its tongue scrapes food off the filter to eat it. Baleen whales have two blowholes.
有牙齒的鯨魚稱爲齒鯨。而那些沒有牙齒的鯨魚則被稱爲鬚鯨。鬚鯨的上頜的顎側兩部都有鋸齒狀的角質須。鯨魚遊動的時候張大嘴來捕食海底生物。它們合上嘴巴，它們的.角質須就像一個過濾器。它們的舌頭從角質須上剔取食物併吞食食物。鬚鯨有兩個氣孔。
There are more toothed whales than baleen and they are larger. Toothed whales have piercing teeth and big throats. They can swallow whole fish. Killer whales eat seals, birds and even other whales.
齒鯨比鬚鯨更多而且更大。齒鯨有尖利的牙齒和巨大的咽喉。它們可以吞食整條魚。虎鯨吃海豹、鳥甚至其他的鯨魚。
Many whales migrate to find other feeding grounds. They travel from season to season. The feeding grounds are in the colder waters. The whales then move to warmer waters to mate and have their young. They move in groups of three or more.
很多的鯨魚遷徙來尋找覓食區。它們一年四季到處遷徙。而覓食區通常在冷洋流區域。隨後鯨魚又遷徙到暖洋流區來交配，生育。它們通常三個成羣或者更多。
Whales make many different sounds. The humpback whale sings. It may emit high-pitched screams or low throbs for up to fifteen minutes. Their songs have been recorded. They seem to be able to sing six different songs. Gray whales talk in grunts, cracking sounds, and whistles. Beluga whales are called canaries because of their singing.
鯨魚發出多種不同的聲音。座頭鯨還會唱歌。它可以持續15分鐘發出尖叫聲或低沉的顫動聲。它們的歌聲被記錄下來。觀察發現它們能唱六首不同的歌。灰鯨通過咕嚕聲、破碎聲、口哨聲交談。白鯨因爲它們的歌聲被稱作爲“金絲雀”。
Whales are very intelligent. The U.S. Navy has trained small whales for secret work. Whales can be trained for rewards of fish and attention.
鯨魚非常地聰明。美國海軍訓練小型鯨魚來進行機密工作。可以通過魚類和關注爲獎勵來訓練鯨魚。
In summary, whales are the largest creatures on earth. They are not fish. They are mammals who live in all of the oceans of the world. They are warm-blooded. They give birth to live young who drink their mother's milk. They must come to the surface to breathe.
本課小結：鯨魚是地球上最大的生物。它們並不是魚類。它們是生活在世界各地的海洋中的哺乳動物。它們是暖血動物。它們生育幼子，而幼鯨以母乳爲食。它們浮到水面呼吸。
1) Which of the following is a characteristic of mammals?
A: The babies drink their mother's milk. B: They breathe air.
C: They give birth to live young. D: All of the above.
2) Which of the following are Cetaceans?
A: Very small fish B: The food that whales eat
C: Large sea mammals D: None of the above
3) Which of the following is the largest of the toothed whales?
A: Baleen whales B: Sperm whales
C: Gray whales D: Humpback whales
4) Which of the following types of whales can sing up to six songs?
A: Humpback B: Gray
C: Beluga D: None of the above
5) Which of the following best defines migrate?
A: Eat krill B: Dive under the water
C: Jump out of the water D: Travel to another area
6) Which of the following parts of the whale's body push the whale through the water?
A: Flukes B: Flippers
C: Blowholes D: Fins
