在複合句中作定語，修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語從句。
被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，位於從句之前。定語從句有關係代詞that、which、who、whose、whom和關係副詞when 、where、why引導.
定語從句的'基本結構爲：
先行詞 + 關係代/副詞 + 句子
考點1. 關係代詞: that, which, who, whom, whose 關係副詞: when, where, why.
a. that-既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略;作賓語，可以省略;不引導非限定性定語從句
There are lots of things ________ I need to prepare before the trip. (10河北)
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
(答案: B)
b. which-指物，作主語，不能省略;作賓語，可以省略.可引導非限定性定語從句。
This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday. (08河北)
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
(答案：A)
Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. (09河北)
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
(答案：D)
c. who-般指人，作主語，不能省略;作賓語，可以省略,(常用whom)
Jamie is a young cook ________ wants to improve school dinners. (10天津)
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
(答案：A)
d. whose 作定語,表示所屬關係。
I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative. (09蘭州)
A. which B. who C. what D. whose
(答案：D)
e. when 作時間狀語:When =介詞 + which
She will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married.
f. where 作地點狀語 where = 介詞 + which
I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.
g. why 作原因狀語, 其先行詞常常是the reason. why = for which
That is the reason why(= for which) I’m late.
2. 當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。
3. 有時只能用 that , 不用 which, 常見的情況有六種：
1).當先行詞是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing ,或被它們修飾時。
That’s all that I know.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
2).當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
3).當先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修飾時。
That’s the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used.
4).當主句以 who 或 which開頭時，定語從句的關係詞用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.
Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?
5).先行詞同時包括人或物時，關係詞用that..
The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.
6).當關系代詞在從句中作表語時。
China is not the country that it was.
4. 只用 which ,不用that 的情況：
1).關係代詞前有介詞時。
This is the cage that / which Polly lives in.
= This is the cage in which(where) Polly lives .
2).先行詞本身爲 that.
The clock is that which tells the time.
3). 在非限制性定語從句中。
His English, which used to be poor , is excellent now.
定語從句專項練習
y, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy?
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. / B. why C. when D. what
5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places ________ you can visit during the winter holidays.
A. where B. which C. what D. that
6.I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit Korea.
A. which B. who C. what D. how
7.I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which
C. which; that D. when; which
oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
________ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school
C. this school one D. this school where
10.---What kind of music do you like?
---I like music ________ has great lyrics.
A. that B. what C. who D. whose
is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
computer ________ last week has gone wrong.
A. which I bought it B. I bought
C. what I bought D. I bought it
is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?
A. who B. whom C. which D. where
the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. which
18.I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
A. that B. who C. how D. why
19.I hate people ________ talk much but do little.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
20.I am one of the boys ________never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
Green, there is someone at the front desk ________ would like to speak with you.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
22.I love the small village ________ I was born.
A. that B. which C. where D. whose
comes the girl ________ handwriting is the best in our class.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who
parents usually buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time.
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
25.---Is the girl ________ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?
---Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
26.---Do you know everybody ________ came to the party?
---No, I don’t know the one________ you had a long talk with near the door.
A. who;/ B. whose; that
C. that; which D. /; whom
boy________ won the first prize is called Roy.
A. when B. whom C. who D. which
dren like houses ________ are painted in different colours.
A. which B. they C. those D. what
you think most students prefer tests ________ have easy questions?
A. whoB. where C. that D. it
30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ________ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.
A. where B. whose C. in which D. that
Keys:
1-5 DACAD
6-10 ADABA
11-15BABCA
16-20 ACACB
21-25 BCBBC
26-30ACACA
