定義:
在複合句中作定語，修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語從句。
被定語從句所修飾的`詞叫先行詞，位於從句之前。定語從句有關係代詞that、which、who、whose、whom和關係副詞when 、where、why引導.
定語從句的基本結構爲:
先行詞 + 關係代/副詞 + 句子
do you know the boywhois wearing a blue jacket?
the skirtthat /whichis made of silk is very expensive. i can’t afford it.
the number of the peoplewho/thatown carsis increasing.
the housethat(which、/)the famous person once lived inis very old now.
考點1.關係代詞: that, which, who, whom, whose 關係副詞: when, where, why.
a. that-既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略;作賓語，可以省略;不引導非限定性定語從句
there are lots of things ________ i need to prepare before the trip. (10河北)
a. who b. that c. whom d. whose
(答案: b)
b. which-指物，作主語，不能省略;作賓語，可以省略.可引導非限定性定語從句。
this is the dictionary ________ mum gave me for my birthday. (08河北)
a. which b. what c. whose d. whom
(答案:a)
sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. (09河北)
a. what b. who c. whom d. which
(答案:d)
c. who-般指人，作主語，不能省略;作賓語，可以省略,(常用whom)
jamie is a young cook ________ wants to improve school dinners. (10天津)
a. who b. whose c. whom d. which
(答案:a)
d. whose 作定語,表示所屬關係。
i like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative. (09蘭州)
a. which b. who c. what d. whose
(答案:d)
e. when 作時間狀語:when =介詞 + which
she will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married.
f. where 作地點狀語 where = 介詞 + which
i want to know the place where (= in which) i was born.
g. why 作原因狀語, 其先行詞常常是the reason. why = for which
that is the reason why(= for which) i’m late.
考點2.當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。
1. i prefer shoes that are cool.
2. i like a pizza that is really delicious.
考點3.有時只能用 that , 不用 which, 常見的情況有六種:
1).當先行詞是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing ,或被它們修飾時。
that’s all that i know.
is there anything that i can do for you?
2).當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾that is the most interesting book that i have ever read.
3).當先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修飾時。
that’s the only thing that i can do now. these are the very words that he used.
4).當主句以 who 或 which開頭時，定語從句的關係詞用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.
who is the girl that spoke to you just now? which is the pen that you lost ?
5).先行詞同時包括人或物時，關係詞用that.
the man and his dog that i always meet are standing by the gate.
6).當關系代詞在從句中作表語時。
china is not the country that it was.
考點4.只用 which ,不用that 的情況:
1).關係代詞前有介詞時。
this is the cage that / which polly lives in.
= this is the cage in which(where) polly lives .
2).先行詞本身爲 that.
the clock is that which tells the time.
3). 在非限制性定語從句中。
his english, which used to be poor , is excellent now.
定語從句專項練習
y, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.
a. what b. who c. whom d. which
is the dictionary ________ mum gave me for my birthday.
a. which b. what c. whose d. whom
you know the man ________ is sitting behind nancy?
a. what b. which c. who d. whom
book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
a. / b. why c. when d. what
5.i have found some pictures of the most interesting places ________ you can visit during the winter holidays.
a. where b. which c. what d. that
6.i’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit korea.
a. which b. who c. what d. how
7.i shall never forget those years ________ i lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life.
a. when; who b. that; which
c. which; that d. when; which
oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
a. that b. / c. which d. it
________ some german friends visited last week?
a. this school b. this the school
c. this school one d. this school where
10.---what kind of music do you like?
---i like music ________ has great lyrics.
a. that b. what c. who d. whose
is the only thing ________ i bought from the supermarket.
a. which b. that c. what d. where
place ________ interested me most was the children’s palace.
a. which b. where c. what d. in which
computer ________ last week has gone wrong.
a. which i bought it b. i bought
c. what i bought d. i bought it
is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. which
you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?
a. who b. whom c. which d. where
the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?
a. who b. whom c. which d. what
young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
a. what b. whose c. whom d. which
18.i like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
a. that b. who c. how d. why
19.i hate people ________ talk much but do little.
a. whom b. which c. who d. when
20.i am one of the boys ________never late for school.
a. that is b. who are c. who am d. who is
green, there is someone at the front desk ________ would like to speak with you.
a. he b. who c. which d. whom
22.i love the small village ________ i was born.
a. that b. which c. where d. whose
comes the girl ________ handwriting is the best in our class.
a. which b. whose c. that d. who
parents usually buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time.
a. who b. that c. whom d. whose
25.---is the girl ________ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?
---yes, she is a journalist from cctv.
a. whom b. which c. who d. whose
26.---do you know everybody ________ came to the party?
---no, i don’t know the one________ you had a long talk with near the door.
a. who;/ b. whose; that
c. that; which d. /; whom
boy________ won the first prize is called roy.
a. when b. whom c. who d. which
dren like houses ________ are painted in different colours.
a. which b. they c. those d. what
you think most students prefer tests ________ have easy questions?
a. who b. where c. that d. it
30. he is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ________ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.
a. where b. whose c. in which d. that
keys:
1-5 dacad
6-10 adaba
11-15babca
16-20 acacb
21-25 bcbbc
26-30acaca
