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篇一：
In some ways，the United States has made spectacular progress. Fires no longer destroy 18000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871，or kill half a town of 2400 people，as they did the same night in Peshtigo，Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky，in 1977，it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans died in a fire.
But even with such successes，the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology，but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.
American fire departments are some of the world’s fastest and best equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japan’s population，and 40 times as many as fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children，who die in disproportionately large numbers in fires but who，contrary to popular myth，start very few of them.
Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyone’s fault. That is not so in other countries，where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime. Japan has many wood houses;of the estimated 48 fires in world history that burned more than 10000 buildings，Japan has had 27. Penalties for by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.
In the United States，most education dollars are spent in elementary schools. But the lessons are aimed at too limited an audience;just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.
The United States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local building codes now require home sprinklers. New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped.
reason why so many Americans die in fires is that .
A. they took no interest in new technology
B. they did not attach great importance to preventing fires
C. they showed indifference to fighting fires
D. they did not spend enough money on fire facilities
ough the fire death rate has declined，the United States .
A. still has the worst fire death rate in the world
B. is still alert to the fire problem
C. is still training a large number of safety experts
D. is still confronted with the serious fire problem
can be inferred from the passage that .
A. fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adults
B. American children have not received enough education of fire safety lesson
C. Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the Untied States
D. America’s large population accounts for high fire frequency
what aspects should the United States learn from Japan?
A. Architecture and building material.
B. Education and technology.
C. Laws and attitude.
D. All of the above.
narrow the gap between the fire death rate in the United States and that in other countries，the author suggests .
A. developing new technology
B. counting more on laws and social pressure
C. placing a fire extinguisher in every family
D. reinforcing the safeness of household appliances
【答案解析】
在某些方面，美國取得了令人矚目的成就。大火不再像1871年發生在芝加哥的火災那樣燒燬18000幢房屋，或是像同一個夜晚發生在威斯康星州帕西蒂戈市的大火那樣，燒死一個城鎮中的1200人。除了1977年肯塔基州貝弗利山晚餐俱樂部的火災外，40年來，100多美國人死於一場火災的事情再也沒有發生過。
但是，即使取得了如此的成就，美國仍然是世界上火災死亡率最高的國家之一。安全專家說，問題的出現既不是因爲資金也不是因爲技術，而是因爲這個國家的漠不關心，這個國家對火災還沒有足夠的重視。
美國的消防部門是世界上行動最快的、裝備最好的部門。他們不得不這樣。美國的人口是日本人口數量的兩倍，火災的發生次數卻是日本的40倍。美國用於防火的費用遠遠低於用於滅火的費用。美國的防火安全教育針對的幾乎都是兒童，他們在火災中的死亡人數不成比例地高，但是，與流行的說法相反，很少火災是由於兒童引起的。
專家說，致命的錯誤是認爲火災其實不是任何人的錯誤的態度。在其他國家卻不是這樣，在這些國家，公共教育和法律把火災看成是個人的失誤，或者是犯罪行爲。日本有許多木製房屋;在世界歷史上，據估計，燒燬了一萬多所建築物的48場火災中，發生在日本的有27場。對因爲疏忽引起嚴重火災的人的懲罰最高可達終生監禁。
在美國，大部分的教育經費都用在了國小。但是，火災教育課的對象太有限;在所有燒死人的火災中，只有9%是因爲小孩玩火柴引起的。
美國還在更多地依賴技術而不是法律或社會壓力。美國有85%的房屋裝有煙霧探測器。一些地方建築法規要求房屋必須裝有自動噴水裝置。如果新的取暖器和電熨斗被弄翻了就會自動斷電。
1. 【正確答案】B
【考點類型】細節判斷
【解析過程】如此多的美國人在大火中喪生的原因是 。
A. 他們對新技術不感興趣
B. 他們對防火不重視
C. 他們對滅火漠不關心
D. 他們對滅火的設施沒有投入足夠的錢
線索：文章的第2段提到“Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology，but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.”表明選項B是正確答案。選項A和原文第6段的內容“The United States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure.”相反。選項C原文根本沒有提到。選項D和原文第3段的內容“American fire departments are some of the world’s fastest and best equipped.”相反。
2.【正確答案】A
【考點類型】細節判斷
【解析過程】儘管火災的死亡率已經下降，美國 。
A. 仍然是世界上火災死亡率最高的國家
B. 仍然對於火災的問題很警覺
C. 仍然在培訓一大批的安全專家
D. 仍然面臨着很嚴重的火災問題
線索：文章的第2段提到“But even with such successes，the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world.”表明A是正確答案。
3.【正確答案】A
【考點類型】細節推斷
【解析過程】從本文可以推論出 。
A. 防火安全措施應該針對美國成年人
B. 美國孩子並沒有獲得足夠的防火安全課程教育
C. 和美國相比，日本配備了更好的防火設施
D. 美國巨大的人口數量導致了火災的發生率高
線索：文章的第5段提到“most education dollars are spent in elementary schools. But the lessons are aimed at too limited an audience;just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.”表明選項A是正確答案。選項B和原文第5段“most education dollars are spent in elementary schools”不符合。選項C和原文第3段“American fire departments are some of the world’s fastest and best equipped”不符合。選項D和原文第3段“The United States has twice Japan’s population，and 40 times as man fires.”不符合。
4.【正確答案】C
【考點類型】細節判斷
【解析過程】美國應該從日本那裏學習什麼?
A. 建築業和建築材料B. 教育和技術
C. 法律和態度D. 以上所有選項
線索1：文章的第6段提到“The United States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure.”
線索2：文章的第4段提到“Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyone’s fault.”
結合線索1和線索2，我們可以知道是美國人對火災的態度出了問題。所以選項C是正確答案。
5.【正確答案】B
【考點類型】細節推斷
【解析過程】爲了縮短美國火災死亡率和其他國家之間的差距，作者建議 。
A. 發展新的技術
B. 更多地依靠法律和社會壓力
C. 在每一個家庭放置一個滅火器
D. 重新加強家庭設備的安全
線索：文章的第6段提到“The United States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure.”表達了作者對於美國依靠消防技術降低火災的死亡率的不滿。暗示了要依靠法律和社會輿論的壓力來降低火災的死亡率。
【考點提示】選項C和選項D一般不太可能是正確答案。原因：①該選項都太具體了;②和文章的主題沒有直接的關聯。考研的文章一般是比較有深度的文章，所以選項的設計也就要求一定要有深刻的意義。這樣判斷B的.正確機率就很大。
