一.名詞：名詞單複數，名詞的格
(一)名詞單複數
1.一般情況，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y爲i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結尾，變f或fe爲v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不規則名詞複數：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數名詞的複數就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的'格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格：
a) 單數後加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結尾的複數名詞後加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結尾的複數後加 ’s children’s shoes
並列名詞中，如果把 ’s加在最後一個名詞後，表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的，應分別在並列名詞後加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關係：如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠詞：不定冠詞，定冠詞種類：
(1)不定冠詞：a / an a unit / an uncle
元音開頭的可數名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /
an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an
exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠詞：the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠詞的用法：
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.
(2)複述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數詞前： John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用於固定詞組中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況：
(1)專有名詞前：China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.
(3)複數名詞表示一類人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節日，日期，月份，季節前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運動前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.但樂器前要用定冠詞：I play the guitar very well.
(7)學科名稱前：My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前：This is Mr Li.
(9)固定詞組中：at noon at night by bus
