概要：邏輯黑體字是GMAT考試中的基本問題，他是屬於所有題型中的對句子功能性作用考察的問題。黑體字題目要求考生對邏輯段落中的每一句話的作用和功能需要極其熟悉。讀全文要對文章爛熟於心。
1. 黑體字題的題型：
1)單一黑體字部分：
判斷單一黑體字部分在題幹中的作用或者扮演的角色;
Hunter: Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest’s deer population over the past ten years. Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline. In the past ten years, the forest’s protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.
In the hunter’s argument, the boldface portion plays which of the following roles?
2)兩個黑體字部分：
判斷兩個黑體字部分分別在題幹中起什麼作用或扮演什麼角色;
A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price. Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the greatest price the market will bear when they have such a product. But large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities. Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.
In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
2. 黑體字解題策略：
1)熟悉GMAT邏輯中專用術語的表達和引導詞：
** Conclusion: author’s main claim
引導詞：conclusion, conclude, assert that, think that, claim, position, it can be made that... consequently, obviously, clearly, hence, therefore, thus...
** premise： a piece of evidence(fact or claim) that supports the author’s conclusion.
引導詞：because of, since, due to, as a result of
** Intermediate Conclusion: both a conclusion and a premise, it supports the final conclusion.
Is it the case that a (he’s more likely to get caught) is true, therefore B (he will probably end up in jail is true).
The red one is the intermediate conclusion and the blue one is the final conclusion.
** Counterpoint: goes against the author’s conclusion.
** background: set the context for an argument
** Consideration: a factor to be considered in forming a judgment or decision
例：Safety is the most important consideration in choosing a car.
當你在形成一個想法的時候，你必須去思考的。是考慮問題該關注的因素
** Evidence: A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment
例：Scientists weigh the evidence for and against a hypothesis.
結論支持或者反對你所提出的結論。
** judgment:有主觀判斷的，一種推斷出來的依據;
The expert has therefore recommended that because the officers’ time spent obtaining approval is largely wasted, the watch commander’s approval no longer be required.
引導詞：it is fause/ill concieved; it should be rejected as... / no longer required, it is unjustified, it is reasonable.....
例子：
做GMAT題目中的人中心肌衰退的比例超過常人。這說明：2做GMAT題目中導致心肌功能衰退。所以，3做GMAT不好。但就算證據正確，由於4做GMAT題目的人往往在做題目之前已經是心力衰竭者，所以不能說明做GMAT題目導致心功能衰退。並且5做GMAT可以開發智力中，所以6做GMAT好。7請做GMAT題目吧!
1. 是支持中間結論2(mid conclusion)的`evidence;
2. 是mid conclusion，支持conclusion3;
3. 是conclusion，
4和5也是evidence，它們反對2和3，其實是反對1->2->3的論證(argument, argument=evidence+conclusion);
4. 是通過指出A->B本身的錯誤(類似於flaw)對1->2進行削弱，
5. 是通過C->B對2->3進行削弱的。4, 5均支持conclusion6的成立。
7. 和本文的邏輯推導無關，稱作suggestion，其位置一般在文章的最後。
2)掌握作者的感情態度：
引導詞：However, nevertheless, although, but,
選項中通過兩個黑體字句的引導
Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’s that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’s own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
3)有時候看到轉折詞出現在兩個黑體字中，不一定是相反：
Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.
3. 黑體字解題步驟：
1)時間充裕的情況：
** 讀全文 找出核心論點(不是中間論點) 讀出轉折含義 核心論點通常躲在轉折之後和句尾。
** 看boldface句同前後句的關係(無轉折既是邏輯上的延續)分清是boldface句爲其中某句服務還是某句爲boldface句服務。
** 推出兩個boldface句之間的邏輯關係;前一半BF, 是一個事實? 是一個論斷? 是一個證據? 是一個假設? 或者是一箇中間結論? 如果體會出, 是一個假設, 那麼選項中說第一部分是其他什麼的, 就被排除了。 沒有什麼必殺選項只有理解文章纔可以。
2)時間不充裕：
** 比較文章看是否相關，是不是兩句話都在討論一件事情;
** 注意標誌詞：
a. However前面就是作者challenge,disagree，call into question的東西，後面就是作者support的東西，可能是全文的conclusion, position等等;
b. Since, Because是原因，選項中常出現 evidence,explanation, based，consideration等詞。
c. , should be 是一種判斷的依據， 選項中常出現 judgement 等詞;
d. Therefore, argue that... 就肯定是conclusion了;
e. it shows等等是例證，選項中常出現 d ... finding，in support of, evidence 等詞;
4. 黑體字複習方法：
1)熟讀概念銘記於心;邏輯題目充當成分概念的題目;
2)熟悉標誌詞和轉折詞，把握住出題方向;
3)認真理解每一句話,BF題目讀懂了，就一定能做對了;
