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ADHD finked to Air Pollutants
Children have an increased of attention problems seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled ( 吸入) a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study, released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of PAHs.
The biggest sources of these PAHs: the bruning of fossile fuels, wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of public Health is Ne York City. She and her team studied the xposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregant women in New York City.
Because burning tobacco can spew (排放) PAHs into the air and lungs. Perera's team focused on nonsmokers.
The researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included wahtever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(長期的 )mental effort, such as homework or games with friends.
The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made grequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be sumptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactiviety Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD. Among the women stueied traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure. Perera and her team suspect.
Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their bolld. Others had ghigh levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have dhilren who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
16. Perera and her team chose nonsmiking pregnant women all over America.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.
t
B. Wrong
D. Not mentioned
答案與解析：
16.B。題幹：Perera和她的團隊挑選了來自全美國的不吸菸的懷孕婦女。利用題幹關鍵詞Perera和ing可以定位到文章第二段第三句，意爲“她和她的團隊研究了紐約市233名非吸菸的孕婦暴露在空氣污染中的情況”，由此可知只是紐約市而非全美國，題幹所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案爲B。
17.B。題幹：研究的主要目的'是發現暴露在PAHs下對研究對象的身體健康如何造成傷害。利用題幹關鍵詞purpose of research和harm the physical health可以定位到文章第二段最後一句，意爲“研究者想探查PAHs的其他來源”，由此可知題幹所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案爲B。
18.B。題幹：選擇不吸菸的媽媽們是因爲吸菸對於PAHs的影響還不清楚。利用題幹關鍵詞non-smoking mother和effect of PAHd可以定位到文章第二段倒數第二句，意爲選擇不吸菸的孕婦媽媽是“因爲吸菸會導致環芳香烴(PAH)排入空氣中或吸入肺中，所以她們的團隊關注不吸菸者”，由此可知吸菸對於PAHs的影響是清楚的，所以題幹所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案爲B。
19.C。題幹：每個婦女的血液在懷孕期間每個月檢測一次。利用題幹關鍵詞blood和once a month進行定位，發現沒有相關信息，由此可知該題答案爲C。
20.C。題幹：患有ADHD的孩子通常在學校學業不好。利用題幹關鍵詞kinds with ADHDs和school進行定位，發現沒有相關信息，由此可知該題答案爲C。
21.A。題幹：血液中有較多PAHs的婦女所生的孩子更可能會患有ADHD。利用題幹關鍵詞levels ofPAHs和have kids with ADHD可以定位到最後一段的倒數第二句，意爲“血液中含有較多PAHs的女性所生的孩子到9歲時，孩子出現注意力不集中問題的概率提高到原來的五倍”，由此可知題幹所述與原文信息一致，所以該題答案爲A。
22.A。題幹：對研究對象來說，交通和家庭採暖被認爲是PAHs的最主要的來源。利用題幹關鍵詞traffic and home heatin9可以定位到最後一段的第一句，意爲“在所研究的婦女中，交通和家庭採暖是空氣污染的主要來源”，由此可以推知交通和家庭採暖是PAHs的主要來源，所以該題答案爲A。
