《牛津英語詞典》裏的中文詞彙--乾杯、旗袍

自2010年底,《牛津英語詞典》(整合資源,更新條目、定義與書證後,以在線版的形態重新問世。在線版的《牛津英語詞典》收錄了300個左右源自中文的詞彙,或音譯(loanword)或借譯(loan translation)。《牛津英語詞典》(The Oxford English Dictionary)依歷史原則編纂,是英語世界最大、最權威的英語詞典。

《牛津英語詞典》裏的中文詞彙--乾杯、旗袍

  ganbei 乾杯;幹了

【詞源】

[ < Chinese gānbēi: gān empty, dry + bēi cup ] 源自中文“乾杯”。

【定義】

n. A Chinese drinking-toast, a call to drain one's glass. Also as v. intr. and trans., to drink (as) a toast. 中國式的祝酒,要人喝乾杯中酒所說的話。亦作不及物動詞和及物動詞

【書證】

One of the cordial customs in China is to ganbei a Maotai—to down in one dash a glass of the country’s famous colourless wheat-based liquor. 在中國,一個表示友好的習俗是把茅臺給幹了──也就是一口氣喝下一杯中國知名的、以小麥爲原料的白酒。──澳大利亞《信使報》(Courier-Mail),1976/7/7 Many ganbei, or toasts, drunk with mao-tai whisky,

cloyingly sweet orange soda or cool, refreshing Chinese beer were raised. 很多人舉杯喊“幹了”(即祝酒),喝的是類似威士忌的茅臺、甜的發膩的橙子汽水、還有清涼爽口的中國啤酒。──《時代雜誌》(Time),1987/4/13

  qipao 旗袍

【詞源】

[ < Chinese qípáo (Wade-Giles transcription ch'i p'ao), lit. ‘banner dress’

The dress was so called with reference to the Manchu people who ruled China during the Qing dynasty: they were organized into groups designated by different coloured banners, and consequently the term qírén‘bannermen’became a way to

refer to Manchus. The one-piece garment was characteristic of Manchu dress, as distinct from the two-piece styles used by Han Chinese women. 這種婦女服飾得名自清朝統治中國的滿族。滿族人民依不同顏色的旗幟而分類編制,因此“旗人”這個說法便用來指稱滿族。這種連身的衣服是滿族婦女的特色服飾,有別於漢族婦女所穿的'兩截式風格。

【定義】

n. A type of dress traditionally worn by Chinese women, typically having a high mandarin collar, a split skirt, and a fitted bodice with an asymmetrical closure extending from the neck to the right underarm; = cheongsam

一種中國婦女所穿的傳統連衣裙,一般爲直領,裙襬開衩,腰部以上合身,開襟不對稱,由領口開到右側腋下。亦作cheongsam

【書證】

When she struts about the stage.., her tight-fitting Chinese ‘qipao’, slit to the hip, flares open to reveal slender legs. 她在臺上昂首闊步,身上穿着開衩至臀部的緊身旗袍,展露出修長的雙腿。──《紐約時報》(The New York Times),1984/1/30

During a break, Madam Fu changes quickly into a navy blue

qipao tastefully complemented with a peach apron. 休息時,傅夫人立即換上一件深藍色的旗袍,搭配一條桃色的圍裙,雅

致而有品位。──新加坡《海峽時報》(The Strait Times),1992/10/20