Unit 1
He studies by asking the teacher for helpby 以 … 方式，靠 + n / doing I went to school by bus /train /subway / bike / plane /boat….2. the best way to do sth 做某事的最好方法
3. Joining the English club was the best way to improve our English.動名詞作主語 + V 三單
4. have trouble / problem / difficult / a hard time + doing sth 做某事很困難
5. laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人6. last ( 持續 ) + 一段時間 The rain lasted for
6 hours yesterday.
7. regard … …… = consider……..= treat …… as……. 把 ….. 當成 ……
8. complain to sb about doing sth 抱怨某人做某事
9. except / besidesexcept 除 … 以外 …. All the students went to the zoo except mebesides 除 …. 以外 （包括在內） I have few friends besides you.
10. as soon as…. 一 …. 就 …… （條件狀語從句， 主將從現） I’ll call you as soon as I get there.
11. if 引導賓語從句時 “ 是否 ” if 引導條件狀語從句 “ 假如，如果 ” ，主句爲將來時，從句用一般現在時。 I don’t know if it will rain ， if it rains ， I won’t go out. 賓從 條從
Unit 2
1. 1 ） used to do sth 過去常常做某事 He used to do homework until 10 pm.
2 ） be used to doing sth 習慣於做某事 I’m used to getting up early. She is used to living alone.
3 ） be used to do sth = be used for doing sth 被用於做某事 Knife is used to cut things = Knife is used for cutting things.2. afford 買得起，負擔得起（ … 的費用） I can’t afford a new car. afford to do sth 負擔得起做某事
3. get in trouble with 與 …. 發生糾紛 be patient with sb of sth 在某事上對某人很耐心
4. be proud of = take pride in + n / doing 對 ….. 感到驕傲
5. It ‘s time (for sb) to do sth / It’s time for sth 是（某人）該做某事的時候了
Unit 3
1. be allowed to do sth 被允許做某事 allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事 allow to do sth 允許做某事
2. (1) instead of + n /pre / vingShe prefers milk instead of (=rather than) coffee. We’d like to go sightseeing instead of staying at home.(2) instead 相反的、代替。常放句末。 I don’t like swimming ， I like playing games instead
3. So do we 我也是So + 助、 be 、情態動詞 + 主語 “ 某人也一樣 ” I have to do my homework . So does he /neither 助、 be 、情態動詞 + 主語 “ 某人也不 ” Mary didn’t go to the party last night . Neither /nor did I .
4. I’m not allowedd to get my ears sth done / have sth done 這事兒不是主語做的，而是找別人做的。My bike broke down ， I’ll have it repaired. 我的自行車壞了，我得找人修理。
5. be strict with sb 對某人嚴格 be strict in sth 在某方面很嚴格
6. be comfortable to do sth 做某事很方便
7. be good for 對 ….. 有好處。 Vegetable and fruit are good for your good at = do well in + n / pre / doing 擅長 …. He is good at swimmingbe good to = be friendly to 對 ….. 很友善。
8. have an opportunity to do sth 有機會做某事。
9.語法：不定代詞(1) some / any 均爲 “ 一些 ” ， + 可、不可數名詞； some 一般用於肯定， any 多用於否定或疑問句。 但在疑問句中，當表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表達請求、建議時應用 some. ---Would you like some coffee ? ---Yes ， please. / No ， thanks(2)many / much many + 可數名詞 much + 不可數名詞 都可與 so ， too ， as ， how 搭配。(1) either / neither either 指兩者其一 neither 指兩者都不either…….. 不是 … 就是 …. neither…….. 既不 … 也不 ……
10. other ， the other ， others ， the others ， another1) other 別的、其他的 2) the other 兩者中另一個 one …….. ， the other…….. 一個 … 另一個 …… 3) others 泛指別的人或物 =other + 複數名詞 some …… ， others….. 一些 ….. 另一些 ….. 4) the others 特指其餘剩下的人或物 some….. ， the others…… 一些 ….. ，其餘的 ……5) another 任何一個， 另一個。（指三者以上中的任何一個）
11. get in the way of ……. 妨礙 …..
12. On… . 在 … 隊裏 He is on the school soccer team.
13. happen 出乎意料的發生 take place 有計劃的發生 兩者都沒有被動語態 this accident has taken place for 5 years.
14. be serious about + n/ pre / doing 對 …. 很認真
15. succeed (in) doing sth 成功地做某事 success n. successful adj
Unit 4
數詞 +hundred/thousand/million/billion 幾百 / 千 / 百萬 / 十億hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+ of 成百的 / 千的 / 百萬的 / 十億的
2.辨析 bring / take / fetch / carry
3. If I were you ， I’d wear a shirt and tie. If I had a million dollars ， I’d buy a big 的用法： 1 ）在含有非真實條件句的複合句中，表示一種假設，需用虛擬語氣，對現在情況的假設，條件從句中用一般過去時（ be 動詞勇 were ），主句用 would/should/could + V 原 If they were here ， they would help you.2 ）如果假設情況可能發生，句子用陳述語氣，條件從句用一般現在時，主句用將來時。 If he comes ， I’ll bring him a present. If it rains tomorrow ， we won’t have a picnic.
4. invitesb to somewhere. invite sb to do sth
5. 辨析 borrow / lend / keepborrow …from…. （主語）借進 I borrowed books from school … ….. （主語）借出 Could you lend your dictionary to me?keep 借並保存一段時間（常用於完成時 for ， since 與搭配，代替 borrow ） I’ve kept this story book for a month ， and I didn’t return it .
6. 許多。 (1) a lot of ， lots of ， some ， plenty of 既可修飾可數，也可修飾不可數名詞。 (2) a number of + 可數名詞複數 +V 復 “ 大量的 ” A number of trees are cut down. (3) the number of + 可數名詞複數 +V 三單 “.. 的數量 ” The number of students in our class is 52.(4) amount of ， much ， a little ， little ， a bit of ， a deal of + 不可數名詞 + V 三單 (5) many ， a few ， few + 可數名詞複數 +V 復
7. (rather) than 其後動詞的形式，與前面動詞的形式保持一致。I like singing than dancing. 寧願做 … 而不願做 …..1 ） would rather do sth than do sth. 2 ） would like to do sth ， than do sth 3 ） prefer to do sth rather than do sth 4 ） prefer doing to doing
8. 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth = be terrified of doing sth = be scared of doing sth be afraid to do sth
9. win 贏得比賽、致詞、地位、榮譽 beat 擊敗某人、某隊
10.辨別 noise 噪音 Don’t make any noise ! voice 人的嗓音 He has a good voice. sound 泛指各種聲音 The sound of car is too loud.
11. taste v. 品嚐，嚐起來 n. 味道，品味 系動詞 taste ， smell ， look ， sound ， feel + adj
12. 語法。 Give sb sth = give sth to sb 這種結構的動詞還有：（加 to 的） give ， show ， send ， bring ， pass ， lend ， tell （加 for 的） make ， buy ， do ， have ， cook ， find ， sing Eg: I bought a gift for her. = I bought her a gift She lent me a book = She lent a book to me.
Unit 5
--Whose book is this? --It must /might / can’t /could be sb’s belong to sb.
2. It’s +adj + that …. It’s necessary /clear/important ……that…’s+adj+ to do sth it’s important/ necessary to work think + it +adj + to do sth. I found it difficult to remember English words.
3. 對 … 感到擔心。 be anxious/worried about… worry about渴望做某事 be anxious to do sth
4. He could be running for exercise.情態動詞 +be +doing sth （表示猜測可能正在做某事）
5. sth happen to sb 某人碰巧遇到某事 When he walked across the road ， the car accident happened to him.
6. 太 …. much too + adj太多 … much + 不可數 n too many + 可數 n
Unit 6
prefer sth to sth I prefer fish to er to do sth ， rather than do sth. = would rather do sth than do sth They prefer to stay at home rather than go er doing to doing Jim prefers reading to playing games.
2. play + 運動、棋類、消遣 play basketball/soccer/volleyball/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/chessplay+ the + 樂器 play the guitar/violin/piano/trumpet/drums
3. go+ 運動 ing : go shopping/ fishing / sightseeing/ cooking
4. aloud loud loudly aloud 指讀書 read aloud. loud ， loudly 可互換，但 loud 可作 adj ， loudly 卻不能。
5.使 …. 想起 …. 提醒（某人） remind sbremind sb of sth The photos reminded me of my school nd sb to do sth Can you remind me to wake him up at 6:25.
6. though / although 和 but 不能連用My grandfather is 100 years old ， but he is very health.= Though my grandfather is 100 years old ， he is very use 和 so 也不能連用
7. famous = well-knownbe famous for Martin is famous for writing famous as She is famous as a famous to The Great Wall is famous to the world.
8. a few+ 可數名詞 （表肯定）一些 a little+ 不可數名詞 （表肯定）一些few （表否定） 幾乎沒有 little （表否定） 幾乎沒有
9. because + 句子 because of + 名詞、代詞、動名詞短語He stopped playing soccer because he had a headache. He stopped playing soccer because of his headache.
10. expect to do sth = hope to do sth = wish to do sth.
11. have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself.
Unit 7
辨析 relaxed / relaxing tired / tiring fascinated / fascinating excited / exciting frustrated / frustrating disappointed /disappointingsurprised /surprising amazed / amazing interested / interesting（加 ed 的修飾人 “ 感到。。。的 ” ；加 ing 的修飾物 “ 令人。。。的 ” ）eg: She was surprised to read this surprising news.相關短語： be excited at be disappointed at be surprised at / to do sthbe interested in = taka an interest in + n / Ving
2. 旅行。 trek 徒步跋涉 trek trough the jungle/forest/mountain travel 泛指旅行 travel around the world. trip 短途旅行 have a trip. Trip to somewhere .
3. 想要、願意做某事 would like to do sth = want to do sth. ---Where would you like to go ? ---I’d like to visit somewhere warm.
4. 辨析 cross through over past(1) cross 從表面上通過 walk cross the street/ bridge/ river….(2) through 從空間通過 go through the forest/ jungle/ crowed…(3) over 從上方跨過 jump over the wall(4) past 從旁邊經過 He walked past the window when we were having class
.5. hope / wish (1) hope to do sth hope + 從句(2) wish to do sth wish sb to do sth wish + 從句
6. I’d like to go somewhere 放不定代詞後修飾不定代詞。
7. Why not + V 原 …..? = Why don’t you + V 原 ….? Let’s + V 原
8. consider 考慮、認爲 consider doing sth / +how -(what) +to do sth / + 名詞、從句 eg: We’re considering visiting Paris for holiday. He has never considered how to solve the problem. All of you should consider the feeling of the people. Do you consider （認爲） that we can finish the project on time?
9. one of + adj 最高級 + 複數名詞 + V 三單 One of the highest sights in Paris is Eiffel Tower.
10. 辨析 include / includingOur school includes two parts: Primary and Middle School.I like all sports including playing soccer.
11. traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money. traveling around Paris by taxi 動名詞做主語 + V 三單 one of the cheapest ways to visit Paris is taking the underground train. 動名詞作表語從句的主語
12.辨析 cost spend pay take Sth costs(cost)…… The TV cost me 500 dollars Sb spend (spent) ….. on sth /doing sth I spent 500 dollars on the TV. I spent 500 dollars buying the TV. Sb pay (paid) …. For… I paid 500 dollars for the TV. It takes (took) sb ….. to do sth. It took me 500 dollars to buy the TV.
13. unless = if not 條件狀語從句，由 if ， unless 引導。 （主將從現， 主過從過） If it doesn’t rain ， we’ll go fishing. Unless you see a doctor ， you shouldn’t take themedicine.
14. 提供。 (1)provide sb with sth = provide sth for tried to find a job to provide his family with food. He tried to find a job to provide food for his family.(2) offer sb sth = offer sth to sb. She offered money to the poor children. offer to do sth 自願做某事
15. mind ， finish ， keep ， be busy ， feel like ， practice ， have fun ， enjoy ， have trouble/problem/difficult/ a hard time ， permit ， spend ， be worth ， keep on ， keep ， be used to ， continue ， give up ， put off ， end up ， pay attention to ， look forward to ， consider ， suggest ， can’t help ， miss + doing sth feel ， hear ， see ， find ， watch ， notice sb do sth （做過） doing sth （正在做）
16.辨析 stop to do / stop doing remember to do / remember doing forget to do / forget doing try to do / try doing go on to do / go on doing allow to do / allow doing
17. 在介詞後（ in ， at ， after ， on ， to ， for ， of ， by ， against ， with ， without ， after ， before ， ）如果要用動詞，只能用 ving I study for a test by working with groups.
18. enough 的用法 adj / adv + enough 足夠。。。樣 enough + n 足夠的。。。
19.語法：主謂一致。 1 ） 當 and 或 both …and… 連接兩個或三個名詞作主語，謂語動詞用複數。 & nbsp; Both you and I are good friends. 2. ）不定代詞作主語 +V 三單 (either ， neither ， each ， the other ， another ， any/every/no/some 引導的不定代詞 ) Everyone is going to beach tomorrow. 3. ) 由 each ， every 引導的作主語，指同一個人時， +V 三單 Each boy and girl was given a gift. 4. ) 主語後有 with ， along with ， together with ， as well as ， more than ， including ， besides ， like ， except ， but. 謂語動詞由前面的主語決定 . Mr Li with his wife and children is coming next week. Tom besides his friends plays volleyball every afternoon. 5)either…or…. neither…nor… not only…but also… 連接兩個主語，謂語動詞有靠近它的主語決定，即就近原則。 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle. Either you or he is right. 6)there be 句型的 be 動詞由靠近它的主語決定，即就近原則。 There is a table and many desks in the room. 7)one of + 複數名詞 + V 三單 one of the women is from America.
20. dreamof doing sth achieve/ come true I believe I will achieve my dream one day.= I believe my dream will come true one day.
21. receive / accept I’ve received her invitation to the party ， but I didn’t accept it ， because I’m busy.
22. 辨析 so that so….. that…. such…. That… 1) so that = in order that he works hard so that he can make more money.2) such 修飾強調名詞。 such + a/an + adj + n +that 從句 Mary is such a young girl that she can’t go to school. such + adj+ 不可數名詞、複數名詞 + that 從句 3)so 修飾強調 adj 或 adv. so + adj / adv + that 從句 He is so clever that he can work out all the problems. 4 ) 當名詞由 many ， much ， few ， little 修飾時，只能用 so so many/ few+ 可數名詞複數 +that 從句 so much/ little+ 不可數名詞 +that 從句 There are so much time that I can play with friends. 5) too…to… = not… enough to …. = so….. that….
23. 短語 be willing to do sth be similar to it seems that… seem to do sthhold on to.. according to
24. 定語從句 （詳見 Unit 6-7 ） 1 ) 一般情況下， that 可指人，也可指物，可代替 who ， whom ， which; 但不能和介詞搭配。 Which 指物 who ， whom ， whose 指人 where 指某地 when 指某時 A doctor is a person who looks after people’ health. I like the places where people are friendly.2 ) 掌握 that 的幾種特殊用法（詳見書上） 3 ) 掌握 whom ， which 與介詞的.用法
Units 8-12
volunteer one’s time to do sth 自願花費時間做某事
2. make a plan to do sth = plan to do sth 計劃或某事
3. take after = be similar to 和 …. 相似
4. repair = fix up 修理
5. thank you (thanks) for doing sth
6. like 表舉例時 “ 像 ….” 其後如果跟動詞必須用 doing
7. be(get) used to doing sth 習慣於做某事 used to do sth 過去常常做某事be used to do sth = be used for doing sth （某物）被用於做某事
8.辨析 bring ， take ， carry ， fetchbring 拿來 take 帶走 carry 攜帶，搭乘，運載，擡 fetch 取回
9. adj/adv + enough 足夠 ….. enough + n 足夠的 ….
10. divide …….. 把 …. 劃分成 …
11. the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide. popularity 人口 + V 三單
12. the number of (….. 的數量 ) +V 三單 a number of ( 大量的 ) + V 複數
13. dream of doing sth 夢想做某事
14. happen = take place ( 沒有被動語態 )
15. 辨析，挑選 pick up 指着 point at make a noise 製造噪音 沿着 …. 一直走 … down …
45. make 的用法 make + adj make sb do sth (hear ， watch ， see ， have 等用法相同 ) （但變爲被動語態時，其後加 to My mother made me to work 5 hours. I was made to work 5 hours.
46. make mistake 犯錯
47. 辨析 except / besides except （除 ….. 之外） Everyone went to the beach except Jim. besides （除 …. 之外，包括在內） I have a lot of friends besides Mary.
48. find(think) it + adj + to do sth. 發現、認爲做某事是 ……
49. 不再 ….. not ……any more ( any longer) = no more( no longer)語法專項動詞的分類和時態1. 動詞短語。
1 ）動詞 + 介詞 look at ， listen to ， look after ， look for ， wait for ， take after ， depend on ， think of ， hand in ，hear from ， hear of ， study for 等，此類動詞後的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞後。 Look at the blackboard. Look after it carefully. 2 ） 動詞 + 副詞turn off ， turn on ， turn up ， turn down ， pick up ， set up ， cheer up ， clean up ， work out ， put up ， fix up ， cut up ， give out ， give up ， give away ， put away ， think over ， put off ， use up ， hand out ， mix up ， look up ， eat up 等 . 此類動詞後的賓語是名詞時，放在副詞前後都可，若是代詞， 必須放在中間 turn off the light when he left. He picked it up and give it to me.⑶ 其他動詞短語： get along with ， take pride in ， pay attention to ， make good use of ， be proud of ， keep away from ， be busy with ， be made of ， be good at ， be interested in ， come up with ， be satisfied with2. 非延續動詞 buy ， lend ， borrow ， die ， begin ， stop ， finish ， arrive ， join ， go ， come 等。不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，要用延續動詞替換。（詳見 現在完成時）
3.系動詞 be ， become ， get ， look ， seem ， turn ， sound ， smell ， taste ， feel ， keep4. 助動詞 be ， have ， has ， do ， does ， did ， will ， shall ( 詳見 P54 )Ⅰ.動詞的五種基本形式 ( 詳見 P55 )Ⅱ.用法：⑴ 一般現在時。1. 肯定句：主語 +V 原 + 其他。 I usually go to school by bus. 主語（三單） +V 三單 She plays tennis once a week.疑問句： - Do+ 主語 +V 原 …… ？ Does+ 主語（三單） + V 原 …… ？否定句：主語 +don’t + V 原 . 主語（三單） + doesn’t + V 原 .2 . 用法： ⑴ 表示經常或習慣性發生的動作。⑵ 表示客觀真理、事實。 The earth goes around the sun.⑶ 在時間、條件等狀語從句中，用一般現在時表示將來。 ( if ， as soonas ， until ， when) If it rains tomorrow ， we won’t go to the park. When I grow up ， I’ll go to Paris.3. 時間狀語： Always ， often ， sometimes ， usually ， on Sunday ， on Monday afternoon ， every day/month/year/week ， in the morning ， once a year ， twice a day ， three times a day 等⑵ 一般過去時。
⑴ 表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。 I got up late this morning.⑵ 表示過去的習慣或經常發生的動作。 When I was in the countryside. I often swam in the river. I used to go fishing.
2 . 結構： 肯定句：主語 + V 過去 + 其他。 We visited the museum last week. My friend Tom went to the beach yesterday. 疑問句： Did+ 主語 + V 原 …… ？ Did you go shopping with him? Did she cook dinner for her family? 否定句：主語 +didn’t+ V 原 …… 。 He didn’t go to see the movie last Sunday.
3 . 動詞的規則變化。
4 . 時間狀語： Yesterday ， last night/week/year/month ， last Sunday ， in 1995 ， the other day ， just now ， ago 等⑶ 一般將來時。1 . 用法。 ① 表示將來發生的動作或存在的狀態。其構成： will + V 原 肯定句： They will leave for Shanghai next week. 否定句： We won’t vi sit him tomorrow. 疑問句： Will you go to Shanghai in two weeks?( 注：當主語爲 I 或 we 時，問句中可用 shall) where shall we meet tomorrow?② be going to+ V 原 表示計劃、打算做某事。---what are you going to do next Sunday? ---I am going to listen to at the clouds ， there is going to rain.③現在進行時 be +Ving 有時可以表示將來。常用這種結構的動詞： go ， come ， leave ， stay ， start ， arrive We’re leaving for London.（ 4 ）現在進行時 1. 構成： 肯定句：主語 + is / am / are +ving疑問句： Is /Am /Are + 主語 +ving否定句：主語 + isn’t / am not / aren’t + ving2 . 用法： ①表示正在進行的動作 I’m reading book now.②表示現階段正在進行的動作或狀態。 They are studying hard this term.3 . 時間狀語 now ， these days ， 當句中有 look ， listen ， can’t you see ， can you see 時 Listen! He is singing.(5)
