導語：課文是指指教科書中的正文，區別於註釋和習題等，一般在語文或地理中出現。英語，有對話和短文。以下是小編收集整理的選修八英語課文翻譯，希望大家喜歡！
Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亞
California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population。
加州是美國第三大洲， 而且是人口最多的州。
It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA， having attracted people from all over the world。
加州與衆不同之處在於它也是美國最具多元文化的一個州。它吸引了來自世界各地的人們。
The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home。
這些移民的風俗習慣以及語言在他們的新家都得以延續。
This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California。
當你瞭解了加利福尼亞的歷史，你就不會對其文化的多樣性感到驚奇了。
NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California， no one really knows。
最早一批人具體是什麼時候來到我們現在瞭解的加利福尼亞地區的， 誰也說不清楚。
However， it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago。
然而，可能至少在一15，000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times。
科學家們認爲這些遷居者通過一條史前時期曾經存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區的白令海峽到達美洲。
In the 16th century， after the arrival of the Europeans， the native people suffered greatly。
歐洲人在16世紀到來這裏之後，土著人遭受了極大的苦難。
Thousands were killed or forced into slavery。
成千上萬人被殺或被迫成爲奴隸。In addition， many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans。
另外， 歐洲人帶來的疾病，使許多人染病而死。
However， some survived these terrible times， and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state。 不過，還是有一些人經歷了這些恐怖時期而活下來了。
今天住在加利福尼亞的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。 THE SPANISH西班牙人
In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain。
在18世紀的時候，加利福尼亞是被西班牙統治的。
Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century， when they fought against the native people and took their land。
西班牙士兵最早是在16世紀初期來到南美洲的，他們同土著人打仗，奪去了他們的土地。Two centuries later， the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States。 兩個世紀以後， 西班牙人在南美洲大部分地區定居下來，而且還在我們現在稱之爲美國的西北沿海地區住下來。Of the first Spanish to go to California， the majority were religious men， whose
ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives。
在首批移居加利福尼亞州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責是向原住居民傳授天主教。
In 1821， the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain。
1821年，墨西哥人從西班牙獲得了獨立。
California then became part of Mexico。
加利福尼亞於是成了墨西哥的一部分。
In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico， and after the war won by the USA， Mexico had to give California to the USA。
1846年美國向墨西哥宣戰，美國贏得戰爭勝利後，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亞割讓給美國。
However， there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state。
但是，這個州至今仍然保留着很強的西班牙文化的影響。
That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language。
這就是爲什麼今天還有40%的加利福尼亞人仍然把西班牙語作爲第一或第二語言的緣故。
RUSSIANS俄羅斯人
In the early 1800s， Russian hunters， who had originally gone to Alaska， began settling in California。
在19世紀初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄羅斯獵人開始在加利福尼亞定居下來。
Today there are about 25，000 Russian—Americans living in and around San Francisco。
今天，住在舊金山及其周邊地區的美籍俄羅斯人大約25，000人。
GOLD MINERS金礦工
In 1848， not long after the American—Mexican war， gold was discovered in California。
1848年，美墨戰爭後不久，在加利福尼亞發現了金礦。
The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world。
發財夢很快就吸引了來自世界各地的人。
The nearest， and therefore the first to arrive， were South Americans and people from the United States。
距離最近因而來的最早的是南美洲人和美國人。
Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed。
隨後跟着來的有歐洲和亞洲的探險家。
In fact， few achieved their dream of becoming rich。
事實上， 很少有人圓了發財夢。
Some died or returned home， but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship。 They settled in the new towns or on farms。
許多人死了或回家了，但是儘管條件十分艱苦，大多數人仍然留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生，在新的城鎮或農場裏定居下來。
By the time California elected to become the thirty—first federal state of the USA in 1850， it was already a multicultural society。
到1850年加利福尼亞成爲美國第31個州的時候， 它已經是一個有着多元文化的社會了。 LATER A RRIVALS後來的移民
Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period， it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s。
雖然中國移民在淘金熱期間就開始來到（美國），但是更大批量的中國移民卻是在十九世紀六十年代爲了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。
Today， Chinese—Americans live in all parts of California， although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the of Los Angeles and San Francisco。
今天，加利福尼亞州各地都有美藉華人居住，儘管有很大比例的華人還是選擇住在洛杉磯和舊金山的中國裏。
Other immigrants such as Italians， mainly fishermen but also wine makers， arrived in California in the late 19th century。
十九世紀後期，其他國家的移民，比如意大利人來到加利福尼亞，他們主要是漁民，也有些釀酒工人。
In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own， which today still keeps up their Danish culture。
1911年丹麥移民建立了他們自己的城鎮，至今仍保留着丹麥文化。
By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood， California。
到了二十世紀二十年代，電影產業在加利福尼亞州的好萊塢建立了起來。
The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people。
這個行業吸引了許多歐洲人包括許多猶太人。
Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States。
今天，加利福尼亞的猶太人口在美國佔第二位。
Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century， and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there。
日本的農民是在20世紀初期開始到加利福尼亞來的，而從20世紀80年代以來就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亞定居了。
People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s， when they moved north from Mexico。
非洲人從19世紀就在加利福尼亞住下來，他們是從墨西哥向北遷來的。However， even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries。
然而更多的非洲人在1942年到1945年之間來到加利福尼亞的，當時他們是到船廠和飛機廠工作的。
MOST RECENT ARRIVALS最近期的移民
In more recent decades， California has become home to more people from Asia， including Koreans， Cambodians， Vietnamese and Laotians。
在最近幾十年裏，加利福尼亞成了亞洲人的家，包括柬埔寨人、朝鮮人、越南人和老撾人。
Since its beginning in the 1970s， the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California。
從20世紀70年代開始發展計算機工業以來，加利福尼亞又吸引了印度人和巴勒斯坦人的到來。
THE FUTURE未來展望
People from different parts of the world， attracted by the climate and the lifestyle， still immigrate to California。
世界各地的人，由於受氣候條件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在繼續遷入加利福尼亞。。
It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups， but simply a mixture of many races and cultures。
人們認爲， 要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以至於不可能存在一種主要的種族或文化羣體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。
Unit2 THE RETURN OF THE DINOSAURS？恐龍的迴歸？
The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals has always excited film makers。
克隆兇猛和滅絕的野生動物的可能性一直使電影製片商感到興奮。
And they are not the only ones！
然而他們並不是唯一對此感到興奮的人。
The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park， in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs， proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts。
在《侏羅紀公園》這部影片中，有一位科學家克隆了好幾種不同的絕種恐龍。類似這樣的電影很受歡迎，證明了這一想法使人們感到既興奮又恐懼。
But in fact we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals。
但事實上，想要克隆絕種動物，我們還要很長的路程要走。
Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals。
科學家們現在還在進行克隆哺乳動物實驗，
This is because the cloning of mammals is still a new science and its story only began seriously in the 1950s as this list shows：
這是因爲克隆哺乳動物仍然還是一門新的科學，它是從20世紀50年代纔開始進行認真研究的，如下表所示：
1950s cloning of frogs 1996 first clone of a mammal： Dolly the sheep 1970s research using the embryos of mice 2000 cow gave birth to a bison 1979 work on embryos of sheep and mice 2001 China's first cloned twin calves 1981 first experimental clones of mice 2002 first cloned cats 1983 first experimental clones of cows 2005 first cloned dog
From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs， can possibly be brought back to life through cloning。
不時地會有人提議，克隆技術將有可能使地球上已經消失的動物（如恐龍）復活。
Unfortunately， with what we know now， this is either impossible or unsuitable。 There are many reasons。
不幸的是，據我們現在所知這是不可能的，也是不合適的。其原因有很多：
◎ The initial requirement is that you need perfect DNA （which gives information for how cells are to grow）。
首先要求你有完好的DNA，以提供有關細胞將如何生長的信息。
◎ All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses。
如果某個動物羣體沒有足夠的多樣性以戰勝疾病，那麼克隆這種動物的所有努力都將是無用的。
Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways。
羣體的多樣性是指這羣動物的基因要以不同的方式排列。
The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die， but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation。
其優點是，如果發生了某種新的疾病，這類動物中的一些可能會死去，而另外一些卻能存活下來，並且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。
The great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness。 Then none of them would be left to continue the species。
經過克隆的動物羣體的最大缺點是：它們的基因排列有可能完全相同，因而它們有可能會死於同一種疾病，這樣它們也可能一個也留不下來傳種接代了。
◎ It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo。
你如果克隆出任何絕種動物，而它們必須生活在動物園裏那是不公平的。
A suitable habitat would be needed for them to lead a natural life。
它們需要適當的棲息地過正常的野生生活。
Based on what we know now， you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10，000 years。
就我們現在所知，你不可能克隆那些已經絕種了一萬年以上的動物。
Actually， dinosaurs disappeared 65，000，000 years ago。
事實上恐龍在6，500萬年以前就已經消失了，
So the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream。
所以說恐龍迴歸地球的可能性僅僅是個夢想罷了！
Unit 3 THE PROBLEM OF THE SHRIKES 蛇的困擾
When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset。
我給住在鄉下的母親打電話的時候，她感到很心煩。
She told me that our yard had some snake。
我們院子裏有幾條蛇她告訴我說，
they seem to have made their home here， not far from the walnut tree。 Can you get rid of them please？
蛇時不時地爬到屋子邊上來。可這幾條蛇似乎是在屋子附近離胡桃樹不遠的地方安家了。你能不能把它們趕走？
I felt very proud。
我感到很自豪，
Here was a chance for 。me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them。
這回我有機會來表現一下自己了。我要發明某種仁慈的東西。既可以把蛇捉住，而又不會傷害它們。
I knew my parents would not like me to hurt these living creatures！
我知道我的父母親是不會讓我傷害這些生物的。
The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me， but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes。
我所做的第一件事就是看看有沒有現成的產品能幫助我。但是，看來只有一種毒殺蛇的藥粉。
A new approach was clearly needed。
很明顯，我得找一種新的方法了。
I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them。
於是我就着手研究蛇的習性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它們。
Luckily these reptiles are small and that made the solution easier。
好在這些爬行動物都很小，問題比較容易解決。
Prepared with some research findings， I decided on three possible approaches：
經過一番研究準備之後，我決定採用三種可能的'方法：
firstly， removing their habitat；
第一，剷除蛇的棲息地；
secondly， attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food；
第二，用男人或女人用的香水或食物把它們引進陷阱；
and thirdly cooling them so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caught。
第三，降低它們的體溫，使它們睏乏，這樣就容易把它們捉住。
I decided to use the last one。
我決定採用最後一種方法。
I bought an ice—cream maker which was made of stainless steel。 Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly， which freezes when cooled。
我買了一個製冰淇淋的不鏽鋼碗，在碗的內壁和外壁之間有些膠狀物，冷卻後會凍結。
I put the bowl into the fridge and waited for 24 hours。
我把這個碗放進冰箱，冷凍了24小時。
At the same time I prepared some ice—cubes。
與此同時，我還準備了一些冰塊兒。
The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot。
第二天早晨太陽光還不太熱，我就早早起牀了。
I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes' habitat and the ice—cubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool。
我把冰凍的碗放在蛇窩的上方，再把小冰塊放在碗上，以使碗保持冷卻狀態。
Finally I covered the whole thing with a large bucket。
最後再用一個大桶把碗罩住。於是我就等着。
Then I waited。 After two hours I removed the bucket and the bowl。
過了兩個小時我才把桶和碗一起拿開。
The snakes were less active but they were still too fast for me。
蛇不像以前那麼活躍了。 They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall。
但是對於我來說，它們行動還是太快了，突然一下子就消失在附近的牆洞裏去了。
So I had to adjust my plan。
於是我只得調整我的計劃。
For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the ice—cubes again but placed them over the snakes' habitat in the evening， as the temperature was starting to cool。
第二次試驗我用的還是冰凍的碗和冰塊兒，但是這次我是在夜晚氣溫開始變涼的時候把它們放在蛇窩的上方，
Then as before， I covered the bowl with the bucket and left everything overnight。
然後用桶把碗罩住，通宵放在那兒。 Early the next morning I returned to see the result。
第二天一早我就去看結果。
This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy。
這一次我蹲下去檢查的時候，發現蛇都是睡意濃濃的。
But once picked up， they tried to bite me。
但是一把它們提起來，它們就要咬我。
As they were poisonous snakes， I clearly needed to improve my design again。
因爲它們都是毒蛇，所以很顯然我還得改進我的捕蛇方案。
My third attempt repeated the second procedure。
第三次試驗重複了第二次的程序，
The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish。 This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again。
第二天早晨我的手裏拿了一個捕魚的小網，這是因爲我預料蛇還會再咬人。
But monitored carefully， the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan。
經過仔細的監視，證明這些蛇不會惹麻煩，一切都按計劃進行着。
I collected the passive snakes and the next day we merrily released them all back into the wild。
我把這些溫順的蛇收集起來，第二天就把他們全部釋放到野外了。
Pressed by my friends and relations， I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office。
由於朋友和親戚的敦促，我決定抓住這次機會把我的發明送到專利局去，請他們對我這次成功的思路給予認可。
Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor。 只有你得到這種承認，你纔可以說是一個真正的發明家。
The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel。
（評定）專利標準非常嚴格，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。
In addition， no invention will get a patent if it is：
此外，你的想法如果屬於下列情況，那麼你也不可能得到專利：
a discovery一種發現
a scientific idea or mathematical model一種科學理論或數學模式
literature or art文學或藝術
a game or a business一場遊戲或一筆交易
a computer programme一個電腦程序
a new animal or plant variety一種新的動植物物種
Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's。
你的產品要經過仔細調查，證明它確實與衆不同的，你才能獲得專利。
There are a large number of patent examiners， too， whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not。
專利局還有一大批審查人員，他們的唯一職責就是審查你的專利申請是否有效。
If it passes all the tests， your application for a patent will be published 18 months from the date you apply。
如果通過了所有這些審查，你申請的專利就會在你提出申請的18個月之後公佈出來。
So I have filled in the form and filed my patent application with the Patent Office。
於是，我填了表，向專利局提交了申請書。
Now it's a matter of waiting and hoping。
現在就是等待和期盼了。
You'll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance！
將來你看看我的銀行結餘金額就會知道我是否成功了。
Wish me luck！
祝我好運吧！
Unit3 ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾
Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Scotland， but when he was young his family moved to Boston， USA。
亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾1847年出生於蘇格蘭。但在他還小的時候，他家就搬到了美國的波士頓。
His mother was almost entirely deaf， so Alexander became interested in helping deaf people communicate and in deaf education。
他的母親幾乎全聾了，因此他有志於幫助聾人交流，並從事聾人教育事業。
This interest led him to invent the microphone。
這一愛好促使他發明了麥克風。
He found that by pressing his lips against his mother's forehead， he could make his mother understand what he was saying。
他發現他把嘴脣放在母親的額頭上，並以一定的方式來移動額骨，就可以使她聽懂他所說的話。
He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was：
他認爲一個人應該總是有好奇心理。他最有名的一句話是：
he beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods。 偶爾離開平路去尋求困境。
Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before。
每次當你這樣做的時候，你一定會發現你從未見過的東西。
Follow it up， explore all around it， and before you know it， you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind。
跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會發現某種值得思考的東西盤踞着你的頭腦。
All really big discoveries are the result of thought。
所有真正偉大的發現都是思考的結果
It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous invention — the telephone in 1876。 正是這種對問題的探索和富有活力的精神造就了他那最著名的發明——1876年的電話。
Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph。
貝爾並非一開始就想要發明電話的，他本來想設計的東西是多路電報。
This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code （a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order）。
這種原始的電報是在一段距離中用莫爾斯電碼傳遞信息（莫爾斯電碼是通過電線發出的以特定的次序敲擊出的一連串點劃），
But only one message could go at a time。
但是這樣只能一次發一個信息。
Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time。
貝爾想改進電報通訊方式，以便同時能發出好幾個信息。
He designed a machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time。
他設計了一種機器，以使聲波分成不同的音調，從而有可能在同一時間裏進行不同的通話。
But he found the problem difficult to solve。
但是他發現這個問題很難解決。
One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man's ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass，
有一天做實驗，他把一根乾草的一端和一個聾子的耳鼓膜連接起來，另一端連接一塊被煙燻過的玻璃。
Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear， the straw drew sound waves on the glass。
貝爾發現，當他對着耳朵說話的時候，這根乾草就把聲波畫在被煙燻過的玻璃上。Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration。
突然間他靈機一動，靈感來了。
If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current， they could be sent along a wire。
如果聲波能夠以連續運動的電波形式複製的話，那麼聲波就可以沿着導線傳送出去了。
In searching to improve the telegraph，Bell had invented the first telephone！
在探求改進電報的過程中，貝爾發明了第一臺電話機！
Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention and wrote to his father：
貝爾完全懂得這項發明的重要性，他寫信告訴他的父親說：
be laid on to houses just like water or gas – and friends will talk to each other without leaving home。
這樣的一天即將到來。到那時，電報線將會鋪到各家各戶，就像水和煤氣通到各家各戶一樣。朋友之間不必離開家就可以彼此通話了。
The patent was given in 1876， but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson。
這項專利是1876年發佈的，但是貝爾是在五天以後纔跟他的助手華生通了第一次電話。
The words have now become famous：他說的話現在已成爲名言了。
Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many other areas of invention。
亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾是個閒不住的人，他對許多其他領域的發明都感興趣。
He experimented with helicopter designs and flying machines。
他試驗直升飛機和飛行器。
While searching for a kite strong enough to carry a man into the air， Bell experimented putting triangles together and discovered the tetrahedron shape。
他尋找一種強度足以把人帶上天空的風箏，與此同時，他又試着把三角形拼裝在一起，因而發現了四面體。
Being very stable， it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges。
這種四面體非常穩定，被證明是在橋樑設計中的無價之寶。
Bell was an inventor all his life。貝爾的一生都在發明創造。He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventy— five。
他11歲時就有了第一項發明，而他的最後一項發明則是在他75歲高齡的時候。
Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone， he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life。
雖然人們常把他與電話的發明聯繫在一起，但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求着改善人們生活質量的途徑。
Unit4 PYGMALION皮格馬利翁 MAIN CHARACTERS：
主要人物：
Eliza Doolittle （E）： a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herself
伊萊扎·杜立特爾（伊）：窮苦的賣花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活
Professor Higgins （H）： an expert in phonetics， convinced that the quality of a person's English decides his/her position in society
希金斯教授（希）：語言學專家，堅信一個人的英語水平決定這個人的社會地位
Colonel Pickering （CP）： an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins' who sets him a task
皮克林上校（皮）：陸軍軍官，後來成了希金斯教授的朋友。希金斯還給上校安排了一項任務
Act One FATEFUL MEETINGS第一幕 決定性的會面
11 ：15 pm in London， England in 1914 outside a theatre。
1914年某日晚上11點15分，在英國倫敦某劇場外。
It is pouring with rain and cab whistles are blowing in all directions。
下着傾盆大雨，四處響着出租車的鳴笛聲。
A man is hiding from the rain listening to people's language and watching their reactions。
有一位男士在躲雨，邊聽人們談話，邊觀察着人們的反應。
While watching， he makes notes。
一邊觀察，一邊做記錄。
Nearby a flower girl wearing dark garments and a woollen scarf is also sheltering from the rain。
附近有一個賣花姑娘也在躲雨。
A gentleman （G） passes and hesitates for a moment。
這時有位先生（先）從這兒路過，他遲疑了片刻。
E： Come over’ere， cap’in， and buy me flowers off a poor girl。 伊：長官，過這邊來呀，買我這個苦命孩子一束花把！ G： I'm sorry but I haven't any change。 先：對不起，我沒有零錢。 E： I can giv’ou change， cap’in。 伊：長官，我可以給你找零錢呀。
G： （surprised） For a pound？ I'm afraid I've got nothing less。 先：（驚奇地）一個英鎊你找得開嗎？沒有再小的錢了。
E： （hopefully） Oah！ Oh， do buy a flower off me， Captain。 Take this for three pence。 （holds up some dead flowers）
伊：（帶有希望的神色）啊！好啦，買一束吧。拿這一束，只要三個便士。（舉起一束已經枯萎的花）
G： （uncomfortably） Now don't be troublesome， there's a good girl。 （looks in his wallet and sounds more friendly） But， wait， here's some small change。 Will that be of any use to you？ It's raining heavily now， isn't it？ （leaves）
先：（不舒服地）別煩我了，好姑娘。（在錢包裏找什麼，這時語氣好些了）等一等，這兒有幾個零錢。這點錢對你有用嗎？雨下大了，不是嗎？（說完就走了）
E： （disappointed at the outcome， but thinking it is better than nothing） Thank you， sir。 （sees a man taking notes and feels worried） Hey！ I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman。 I've a right to sell flowers， I have。 I ain’t no thief。 I'm an honest girl I am！ （begins to cry）
伊：（對先生付的錢表現出失望的樣子，但是有總比沒有好）先生，謝謝了。（看到有人在記什麼，感到很擔心）嗨，我跟那位先生說話，又沒有做錯什麼事情。我有權賣花吧，我有權嘛！我不是小偷，我是個老實姑娘，老老實實的。（開始哭起來）
H： （kindly） There！ There！ Who's hurting you， you silly girl？ What do you take me for？ （gives her a handkerchief）
希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！誰傷害你了，傻姑娘！你把我當成什麼人了？（遞給她一條手帕）
E： I thought maybe you was a policeman in disguise。
伊：我還以爲你是一個便衣警察呢。
H： Do I look like a policeman？
希：我像警察嗎？
E： （still worried） Then why did 'ou take down my words for？ How do I know whether 'ou took me down right？ 'ou just show me what 'ou've wrote about me！
伊：（仍在擔心）那你爲什麼要把我說的話記下來呢？我怎麼知道你是不是寫對了呢？那你把你寫的東西給我看看。
H： Here you are。 （hands over the paper covered in writing）
希：你看吧！（把寫滿字的紙遞給她）
E： What's that？ That ain't proper writing。 I can't read that。 （pushes it back at him）
伊：這是什麼呀？不像規規矩矩的字，我看不懂。（把紙退回給他）
H： I can。 （reads imitating Eliza） his own voice） There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I'm not mistaken。
希：我來讀。（模仿伊的聲音讀）長官，過這邊來呀，買我這個苦命孩子一束花吧！（改用自己的聲音說）好了吧，你呀，如果我沒有弄錯的話，你出生在裏森格羅佛。
E： （looking confused） What if I was？ What's it to you？
伊：（困惑不解似的）如果我是又怎麼樣呢？跟你有什麼關係嗎？
CP： （has been watching the girl and now speaks to Higgins） That's quite brilliant！ How did you do that， may I ask？
皮：（本來是一直望着這個姑娘的，這時跟希金斯說話了）太棒了！請問你是怎麼知道的呢？
H： Simply phonetics studied and classified from people's own speech。 That's my profession and also my hobby。 You can place a man by just a few remarks。 I can place any spoken conversation within six miles， and even within two streets in London sometimes。
希：對人的發音進行研究、分類，如此而已。這是我的專業。也是我的業餘愛好。我可以根據幾句話判定是哪個地方的人。差距不過六英里。有時候在倫敦甚至不超過兩個街區呢。
CP： Let me congratulate you！ But is there an income to be made in that？
皮：恭喜你了！不過，你這樣做有收入嗎？
H： Yes， indeed。 Quite a good one。 This is the age of the newly rich。 People begin their working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a rich one with 100 thousand。 But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths。 Now once taught by me， she'd become an upper class lady 。。。
希：當然有啊，還挺高呢。這是個致富的年代。人們從倫敦的窮人區開始工作，年收入才80英鎊，最後到了富人區工作，年收入就是10萬英鎊了。但是他們一張嘴就露出馬腳（暴露自己的身份）。如今讓我一教，她就會變成一個上層階級的淑女…… CP： Is that so？ Extraordinary！ 皮：是嗎？那太妙了！
H： （rudely） Look at this girl with her terrible English： the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days。 But， sir， （proudly） once educated to speak properly， that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party。 Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's maid or a shop assistant， which requires better English。
希：（粗魯地）你瞧那個姑娘，英語說的那麼糟糕，命中註定要在貧民窟裏呆一輩子了。不過，先生，（高傲地）要是一旦有人教她把英語說好了，她就可以在三個月以內冒充公爵夫人出席大使主辦的花園晚會了。說不定我還可以給她找份工作，當一名貴婦人的侍女或商店的店員。這些工作都要求英語說得好呢。
E： What's that you say？ A shop assistant？ Now that's sommat I want， that is！
伊：你說啥來着？店員？這正是我想要做的，真的！
H： （ignores her） Can you believe that？
希：（不理睬她）你相信我說的話嗎？
CP： Of course！ I study many Indian dialects myself and 。。。
皮：當然相信。我自己就學了好多種印度語，而且……
H： Do you indeed？ Do you know Colonel Pickering？
希：真的嗎？那你認不認得皮克林上校呢？
CP： Indeed I do， for that is me。 Who are you？
皮：當然認得，皮克林就是我。那麼請問你貴姓？
H： I'm Henry Higgins and I was going to India to meet you。
希：我是亨利·希金斯。我還打算要去印度見你呢。
CP： And I came to England to make your acquaintance！
皮：我也正是到英國來找你的！
E： What about me？ How'll you help me？
伊：我呢？你們怎麼幫助我呢？
H： Oh， take that。 （carelessly throws a handful of money into her basket） We must have a celebration， my dear man。 （leave together）
希：啊，拿去吧！（漫不經心地朝她的籃子裏扔去一把錢）好老兄，我們該美美地慶祝一番了。（一道離去）
E： （looking at the collected money in amazement） Well， I never。 A whole pound！ A fortune！ That'll help me， indeed it will。 Tomorrow I'll find you， Henry Higgins。 Just you wait and see！ All that talk of （imitates him） English（in her own voice） I'll see whether you can get that for me 。。。 （goes out）
伊：（驚奇地看着收集起來的錢）啊，我還從來沒有見過！整整一個英鎊呢！一筆財富呀！這的確給我幫大忙了。真的。明天我一定去找你，亨利·希金斯。等着瞧吧！你那口（模仿他的聲音）―真正的英語‖……（用自己的聲音）我倒要看看你能不能幫我找到……（離去）
Unit4 Act Two， Scene 1 MAKING THE BET第二幕 第一場 打賭
It is 11am in Henry Higgins' house the next day。 Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation。
第二天上午11點，在亨利·希金斯家。亨利同皮克林上校正坐着深切地交談。
H： Do you want to hear any more sounds？
希：你還想不想聽聽更多的發音呢？
CP： No， thank you。 I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty—four distinct vowel sounds； but your one hundred and thirty beat me。 I can't distinguish most of them。
皮：不聽了，謝謝。我本來還很自負的，因爲我能清晰地發出24個元音來。而你發出了130個元音，其中多數我都分辨不清。你贏我了。
H： （laughing） Well， that comes with practice。
希：（笑起來）這都是練習的結果。
There is a knock and Mrs Pearce （MP）， the housekeeper， comes in with cookies， a teapot， some cream and two cups。
敲門聲起，皮爾斯夫人（管）帶着甜點、茶壺、奶酒和兩個杯子進來。
MP： （hesitating） A young girl is asking to see you。
管：（猶豫地）一個年輕姑娘求見你。
H： A young girl！ What does she want？
希：年輕姑娘！她想要什麼？
MP： Well， she's quite a common kind of girl with dirty nails。I thought perhaps you wanted her to talk into your machines。
管：哦，很普通的一個年輕姑娘，手指甲髒兮兮的。我本來還以爲你是要她來對着機器講話的呢。
H： Why？ Has she got an interesting accent？ We'll see。Show her in， Mrs Pearce。
希：怎麼啦？她的口音很有趣嗎？咱們來看看吧。皮爾斯夫人，帶她進來。
MP： （only half resigned to it） Very well， sir。 （goes downstairs）
管：（半聽不聽地）好吧，先生。（隨即向樓下走去）
H： This is a bit of luck。 I'll show you how I make records on wax disks 。。。
希：還真是運氣，我讓你看看我是怎樣在唱片上錄音的。
MP： （returning） This is the young girl， sir。 （Eliza comes into the room shyly following Mrs。 Pearce。 She is dirty and wearing a shabby dress。 She curtsies to the two men。）
管：（返回來）先生，這就是那個年輕姑娘。（伊萊扎跟在皮爾斯夫人後邊羞怯地走進房來。她穿着破舊的衣服，還髒兮兮的。進來就朝兩位先生行屈膝禮。
H： （disappointed） Why！ I've got this girl in my records。 She's the one we saw the other day。 She's no use at all。 Take her away。
希：（失望地）好啦，我已經給這個年輕姑娘做過記錄了。她就是那天我們見到過的那個，現在根本沒有用了，帶她走吧！
CP： （gently to Eliza） What do you—want， young lady？
皮：（溫和地）年輕姑娘，你想要幹什麼？
E： （upset） I wanna be a lady in a flower shop 'stead o' selling flowers in the street。 But they won't take me 'less I speak better。 So here I am， ready to pay him。 I'm not asking for any favours — and he treats me like dirt。
伊：（不安地）我想在花店裏當賣花姑娘，不想到街上去賣花了。但是他們不會要我，除非我講話講得好些，所以我來了，準備付給他錢。我並不是求他幫忙——可他把我當下等人看待。
H： How much？
希：你給多少錢？
E： （happier） Now yer talking。 A lady friend of mine gets French lessons for two shillings an hour from a real Frenchman。 You wouldn't have the face to ask me for the same for teaching me as yer would for French。 So I won't give yer more than a shilling。
伊：（比較高興地）啊，你發話了。我的一位女朋友跟一個真正的法國人學法文，每小時兩先令。你總不會好意思要我付跟法語同樣多的錢吧。所以我最多給你一個先令。
H： （ignoring Eliza and speaking to Pickering） If you think of how much money this girl has — why， it's the best offer I've had！ （to Eliza） But if I teach you， I'll be worse than a father。
希：（不理睬伊萊扎，而跟皮克林說）要是你想到這個年輕姑娘身上能有多少錢，那麼，這就是我能得到的最高薪俸了！（對伊萊扎說）不過，要是我來教你，我會比當爸爸的還要嚴格。
CP： I say， Higgins。 Do you remember what you said last night？ I'll say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off as a lady。 I'll be the referee for this little bet and pay for the lessons too 。。。
皮：喂，希金斯。你還記得昨天晚上你說過的話嗎？如果你能使她冒充一位貴夫人，那麼我說你就是一位最了不起的教師了。我會爲這個小賭當裁判，而且課時費由我來付。
E： （gratefully） Oh， yer real good， yer are。 Thank you， Colonel。
伊：（感激地）啊！你真好，真好。謝謝你，上校。
H： Oh， she is so deliciously low。 （compromises） OK， I'll teach you。 （to Mrs Pearce） But she'll need to be cleaned first。 Take her away， Mrs Pearce。 Wash her and burn her horrible clothes。 We'll buy her new ones。 What's your name， girl？
希：哦，她真是粗俗得可愛！（提出折衷辦法）好吧，我教你。（對皮爾斯夫人說）不過，她得先把自己洗乾淨了。把她帶下去，皮爾斯夫人。給她洗一洗，把那身可怕的髒衣服全部燒掉。我們給她買新的。姑娘，你叫什麼名字？
E： I'm Eliza Doolittle and I'm clean。 My clothes went to the laundry when I washed last week。
伊：我叫伊萊扎·杜立特爾。我是乾淨的，上個禮拜才洗過澡。
MP： Well， Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning。 If these two gentlemen teach you， you'll have to do the same。 They won't like the smell of you otherwise。
管：希金斯先生有自己的浴缸。他每天早晨都要洗澡。如果你要這兩位先生教你，你就得照着辦。另外，他們不想聞到你身上的那股氣味。
E： （sobbing） I can't。 I dursn't。 It ain't natural and it'd kill me。 I've never had a bath in my life； not over my whole body， neither below my waist nor taking my vest off。 I'd never have come if I'd known about this disgusting thing you want me to do 。。。
伊：（哭泣）我不能，我不敢。這太彆扭了，會要我的命的。我這一生從來沒有在浴缸裏洗澡過，特別是全身浸泡，沖洗腰部以下或者把我的背心拿走我也算是不會洗的。要是我知道你要我做這樣的醜事，我是絕不會來的。
H： Once more， take her away， Mrs Pearce， immediately。 （Outside Eliza is still weeping with Mrs Pearce） You see the problem， Pickering。 It'll be how to teach her grammar， not just pronunciation。 She's in need of both。
希：我再說一遍，把她帶走，皮爾斯夫人，立刻帶走。（伊萊扎跟皮爾斯夫人出去了，還在哭泣）皮克林，你看到麻煩了吧。不僅僅是語音問題，還得教語法呢。這兩個方面她都需要。
CP： And there's another problem， Higgins。 What are we going to do once the experiment is over？
皮：希金斯，還有一個問題。一旦試驗完成了，我們準備做什麼呢？
H： （heartily） Throw her back。
希：（興奮地）把她扔回去。
CP： But you cannot overlook that！ She'll be changed and she has feelings too。 We must be practical， mustn't we？
皮：你可不能小看這個問題了！她是會變的，她也是有感情的。我們必須實際一些，難道不是嗎？
H： Well， we'll deal with that later。 First， we must plan the best way to teach her。 希：這個以後再談吧。首先咱們得制定一個最好的教學計劃。
CP： How about beginning with the alphabet。 That's usually considered very effective 。。。 （fades out as they go offstage together）
皮：先從字母教起，怎麼樣？通常認爲那是最有效的……（兩人一道朝臺下走去，聲音逐漸減弱）
Unit 5 A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAIN CAVES周口店洞穴參觀記
A group of students （S） from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit。 An archaeologist （A） is showing them round。
一羣英國學生（學）來到周口店洞穴參觀，有一位考古學家（考）正領着他們參觀。
A： Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China。 It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England， who are interested in archaeology。 You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world。 We've been excavating here for many years and 。。。
考：歡迎到中國來參觀周口店洞穴。很高興見到你們這些來自英國並且對考古學感興趣的學生。你們想必都很清楚，正是在這個地方，我們找到了居住在世界上這個部分最早人類的證據。我們在這兒進行的挖掘工作已經很多年了，而且……
S1： I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？ There are only rocks and trees。
學1：對不起，打斷了你的講話。請問他們怎麼能夠住在這個地方呢？這兒只有石頭和樹木啊。
A： Good question。 You are an acute observer。 We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects。 So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves， regardless of the cold。
考：問得好。你是個敏銳地觀察者。在高山上的那些洞穴裏我們找到了人骨和獸骨，還有工具和其他物品。因此，我們有理由認爲他們不顧嚴寒，就住在這些洞穴裏。
S2： How did they keep warm？ They couldn't have mats， blankets or quilts like we do。 It must have been very uncomfortable。
學2：那他們是怎樣取暖的呢？他們不可能像我們現在這樣有墊子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。
A： We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires。 That would have kept them warm， cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well。 We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick， which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter。 We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter。
考：我們發現在洞穴中央有生火用的地爐。他們用地爐裏的火來取暖、做飯，還可以用火來嚇跑野獸。我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味着他們可能整個冬天都在燒火。我們還沒有找到門，但我們認爲在天寒地凍的冬季他們可能是用獸皮掛在洞口來防寒的。
S3： What wild animals were there all that time ago？
學3：在那以前有些什麼野獸呢？
A： Well， we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves， and we think these were their most dangerous enemies。 Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people？ （shows picture of a sewing needle）
考：嗯，我們在洞裏陸續發現老虎和熊的骨頭。我們認爲，這些野獸對他們來講是最危險的敵人了。現在，你們看這個東西能告訴我們有關早期人類生活的什麼情況呢？（指着一張畫有針線的照片讓大家看）
S2。： Gosh！ That's a needle。 Goodness， does that mean they repaired things？
學2：哎呀，那是一根針。天哪，難道他們還會修補東西嗎？
A： What else do you think it might have been used for？
考：除此之外，你認爲還可能派別的什麼用場嗎？
S4： Let me look at it。 It's at most three centimetres long。 Ah yes， it seems to be made of bone。 I wonder how they made the hole for the 。。。
學4：讓我看看。這個東西最多三釐米長，看起來像是骨頭做的。我不知道他們是怎麼樣做成針眼的。
S2： （interrupting） Do you mean that they made their own clothes？ Where did they get the material？
學2：（插話）你是不是說他們自己做衣服穿？他們又是從哪裏搞到衣料呢？
A： They didn't have material like we have today。 Can you guess what they used？
考：他們沒有像我們今天穿的這種衣料。你能猜出他們用的是什麼嗎？
Sl： Wow！ Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins？ How did they prepare them？ I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together。
學1：哇，他們穿的衣服全都是用獸皮做的嗎？他們那些衣服是怎麼做成的？獸皮剪裁併縫起來一定又厚又重啊。
A： Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins。 We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools。 It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin。 Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin。 After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft。 Finally， they would cut it and sew the pieces together。 Quite a difficult and messy task！ Now look at this。 （shows a necklace）
考：我們有證據表明，他們的確穿的是用獸皮製作的衣服。我們不斷髮現一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看樣子他們可能是用磨尖的石器來切割野獸並剝皮，可能再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然後他們可能在獸皮上擦上大量的鹽，使皮變柔軟。最後進行剪裁，縫起來就成了。確實是既難又髒的活！現在來看看這個吧。（指着一串項鍊）
S2：Why， it's a primitive necklace。 Did early people really care about their appearance like we do？ It's lovely！
學2：哎呀！這是一條原始的項鍊吧。早期人類也像我們現在一樣講究外貌嗎？太漂亮了！
A：Yes， and so well preserved。 What do you think it's made of？。
考：是的，還保存得很好呢。你們看看是用什麼做的？
S4：Let me see。 Oh， I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells。
學4：我來摸摸看。我想，有的珠子是用獸骨做的，有的是用貝殼做的，對嗎？
A：How clever you are！ One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside。 Can you identify any other bones？
考：你真聰明！有塊骨頭實際上是用野獸的牙齒，貝殼是從海邊撿來的。你還認得別的骨頭嗎？
S1：This one looks very much like a fish bone。 Is that reasonable？
學1：這根很像魚骨頭，對嗎？
A：Yes， indeed， as the botanical analyses have shown us， all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake。 Probably there were fish in it。
考：很對。植物學的分析結果明確地告訴我們，這兒四周曾經是一個很大的淺水湖。當時湖裏可能是有魚的。
S3：But a lake is not the sea。 We are miles from the sea， so how did the seashells get here？
學3：不過，湖並不是海呀。我們離海還遠着呢。那麼，貝殼又是怎麼來的呢？
A：Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys。 We know that they moved around， following the herds of animals。 They didn't grow their own crops， but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals。 That's why they are called hunters and gatherers。 Now， why don't we go and visit the caves？
考：早期人類之間也許有貿易往來，或者他們也可能旅行到海邊去。我們知道，他們跟着獸羣四處走。他們並不種植穀物，而是在野果熟了的時候採摘它們並捕殺野獸來充飢。這就是他們被稱之爲獵人和採摘者的緣故。好了，咱們去參觀洞穴好嗎？
