翻譯資格考試筆譯高級技巧分享

重組法:指在進行英譯漢時,爲了使譯文流暢和更符合漢語敘事論理的習慣,在捋清英語長句的結構、弄懂英語原意的基礎上,徹底擺脫原文語序和句子形式,對句子進行重新組合。如:

翻譯資格考試筆譯高級技巧分享

Decision must be made very rapidly; physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.

必須把大量時間花在確保關鍵人物均根據同一情報和目的行事,而這一切對身體的耐力和思維能力都是一大考驗。因此,一旦考慮成熟,決策者就應迅速做出決策。

插入法:指把難以處理的句子成分用破折號、括號或前後逗號插入譯句中。這種方法主要用於筆譯中。偶爾也用於口譯中,即用同位語、插入語或定語從句來處理一些解釋性成分。如: 如果說宣佈收回香港就會像夫人說的"帶來災難性的影響",那我們要勇敢地面對這個災難,做出決策。

If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, "disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.

包孕法:這種方法多用於英譯漢。所謂包孕是指在把英語長句譯成漢語時,把英語後置成分按照漢語的正常語序放在中心詞之前,使修飾成分在漢語句中形成前置包孕。但修飾成分不宜過長,否則會形成拖沓或造成漢語句子成分在連接上的糾葛。如:

(1)You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close. 您是一位來自於使中國倍感親切的國家和大洲的代表。

(2)What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. 使我們走到一起的,是我們有超越這些分歧的共同利益。

倒置法:在漢語中,定語修飾語和狀語修飾語往往位於被修飾語之前;在英語中,許多修飾語常常位於被修飾語之後,因此翻譯時往往要把原文的語序顛倒過來。倒置法通常用於英譯漢, 即對英語長句按照漢語的習慣表達法進行前後調換,按意羣或進行全部倒置,原則是使漢語譯句安排符合現代漢語論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時倒置法也用於漢譯英。如:

(1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

此時此刻,通過現代通信手段的奇蹟,看到和聽到我們講話的人比整個世界歷史上任何其他這樣的場合都要多。(部分倒置)

(2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.

我堅信,英國依然應該是歐共體中的一個積極的和充滿活力的成員,這是符合我國人民利益的。(部分倒置)

(3)改革開放以來,中國發生了巨大的變化。

Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)

正譯法和反譯法:這兩種方法通常用於漢譯英,偶爾也用於英譯漢。所謂正譯,是指把句子按照與漢語相同的語序或表達方式譯成英語。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語相反的語序或表達方式譯成英語。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果,但反譯往往更符合英語的思維方式和表

表達習慣。因此比較地道。如:

(1) 在美國,人人都能買到槍。

In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正譯)

In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反譯)

(2) 你可以從因特網上獲得這一信息。

You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正譯)

This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反譯)

(3) 他突然想到了一個新主意。

Suddenly he had a new idea. (正譯)

He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正譯)

A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反譯)

(4) 他仍然沒有弄懂我的意思。

He still could not understand me. (正譯)

Still he failed to understand me. (反譯)

(5) 無論如何,她算不上一位思維敏捷的學生。

She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正譯)

She is anything but a bright student. (反譯)

(6) Please withhold the document for the time being.

增譯法:指根據英漢兩種語言不同的'思維方式、語言習慣和表達方式,在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或句子,以便更準確地表達出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語無主句較多,而英語句子一般都要有主語,所以在翻譯漢語無主句的時候,除了少數可用英語無主句、被動語態或"There be…"結構來翻譯以外,一般都要根據語境補出主語,使句子完整。英漢兩種語言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語中代詞使用頻率較高,凡說到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關的事物時,必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此,在漢譯英時需要增補物主代詞,而在英譯漢時又需要根據情況適當地刪減。英語詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子與句子的邏輯關係一般用連詞來表示,而漢語則往往通過上下文和語序來表示這種關係。因此,在漢譯英時常常需要增補連詞。英語句子離不開介詞和冠詞。另外,在漢譯英時還要注意增補一些原文中暗含而沒有明言的詞語和一些概括性、註釋性的詞語,以確保譯文意思的完整。總之,通過增譯,一是保證譯文語法結構的完整,二是保證譯文意思的明確。如:

(1)What about calling him right away?

馬上給他打個電話,你覺得如何? (增譯主語和謂語)

(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.

要是我能看到四個現代化實現該有多好啊!(增譯主句)

(3) Indeed, the reverse is true

實際情況恰好相反。(增譯名詞)

(4)就是法西斯國家本國的人民也被剝奪了人權。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增譯物主代詞)

(5)只許州官放火,不許百姓點燈。

While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增譯連詞)

(6)這是我們兩國人民的又一個共同點。

This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增譯介詞)

(7)在人權領域,中國反對以大欺小、以強凌弱。

In the field of human rights, Chi

na opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增譯暗含詞語)

(8)三個臭皮匠,合成一個諸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增譯註釋性詞語)