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考研英語範文帶翻譯：世界人口
The World' s Population
The first fifty years of the next millennium will be critical for the world's population.
By 2080 population growth should have leveled off, but by then we'll have 10 billion people--two-thirds as many again as we have rate of population growth is something we can choose right now, though: it's not something that just happens, but a matter of human choice. The choice is a complicated one,with many variables, but it remains a choice.
If we want to prevent a population explosion, we should take action now -or assist the poorer countries to do so. They need better government, better institutions, better labor and capital markets, better schools.
Anything that increases the value of women's time and adds to the cost of caring for a child makes a woman less likely to have that child. Since big families are often seen as safety nets for illness and old age, improving poor people's access to insurance, pensions and welfare institutions also has a major impact. This can be as simple as rural credit, providing a means of saving. Finally, there is education--both for women and, perhaps even more important, for the next generation of children.
These steps are there to be taken, but there appear to be some countries that are not seriously trying at the moment. If we cannot achieve that we will certainly not control population.
That said, I don't feel pessimistic that we are going to run out of resources: we are becoming more efficient at producing food faster than the rate at which population is increasing. There is, however, a risk that we will wreck the environment so effectively that the world will no longer be an attractive place to live. That really would be a dismal outcome, to reach world population equilibrium only to find we'd destroyed the natural environment in the process.
世界人口
新千年的前50年對世界人口來說是至關重要的，到2080年，世界人口將趨於平穩，但到那時，世界人口將達到100億，比現在多2/3。但人D增長率是我們現在能選擇的事：它不是順應天意而產生的，而是人類的選擇。這一選擇相當複雜，有許多因素，但它依然是一種選擇。
要想避免人炸，我們現在就應採取行動——或者說應幫助比較窮的國家來控制人口，因爲他們需要更好的政府、機構、勞動力及資本市場和學校。任何使一個婦女增加撫養孩子的時間或撫養孩子費用的事都使得那個婦女不太想要這個孩子。由於大家庭經常被認爲是年老生病時的安全網，讓窮人進一步獲得保險、退休金和福利機構的幫助也會在控制人口生育上起重大作用。這可以像農村信用制度那樣簡單，爲人們提供一種儲蓄的手段。最後還有教育問題——既有對婦女的教育，也有更重要的對下一代的'教育。
以上這些都是應採取的措施，但看來有些國家目前並沒有認真去做，如果我們不能做到這一點，我們就不能控制人口。
及此，我對我們資源殆盡並不悲觀：我們生產糧食的速度超過了人口增長的速度。然而，我們也存在這樣的危險：我們會徹底毀壞環境，以致於地球將不再是一個吸引人居住的地方。那確實是一個可悲的結果：實現了人口的平衡卻換來了自然環境的破壞。
考研英語範文帶翻譯：各國政府應當厲行禁菸運動
World Governments Should Conduct Serious Campaigns against Smoking
If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil.
You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It's almost like a tax on our daily bread.
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.
For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct antismoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning--say, a picture of a death's head--should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.
各國政府應當厲行禁菸運動
如果你吸菸卻又說你不相信吸菸與支氣管疾病、心臟病以及肺癌之間存在着某種必然的聯繫的話，你一定是在自欺欺人。當然，沒有人會爲此指責你虛僞。我們只能說，你有一個愛癡心妄想的毛病。你不必對此太難爲情，因爲很多人都同你一樣。只要提起吸菸與健康的話題，大多數國家的政府都對其害處視而不見，充耳不聞。
官方對吸菸有害健康的醫學發現爲何反應如此冷淡，此中緣由，不難發現。答案就是金錢。從稅收的角度來看，香菸是一種絕妙的商品。對香菸徵稅簡直就等於對我們每
天所吃的麪包徵稅一樣。
這絕對是你可以想見的最目光短淺的政策。政府的一隻手急切地徵收到大把鈔票，卻被另一隻手以日益增長的更大數額花出去了。
鉅額資金被用於研究癌症和治療癌症患者。無數寶貴的生命喪失了。從長遠看來，如果完全禁止吸菸的話，毫無疑問，每個人的生活都會大爲改善。
作爲禁菸的第一步，政府首先應該禁止一切香菸及菸草廣告，然後發起反對吸菸的宣傳活動。在一切公共場所如劇院、電影院、餐廳，吸菸都應當被禁止。要花大力氣教育青年，尤其讓他們瞭解染上吸菸這一惡習的可怕後果。在每一盒售出的香菸盒上都應該印上一個令吸菸者恐懼的警戒標誌，比如一個骷髏頭像。作爲單個的人，我們當然是弱小的，但是，如果政府的行爲誠實而勇敢，定能保護我們免受自己的傷害。
考研英語範文帶翻譯：廣告的益處
Advantages of Ads
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they' re always coming in for criticism.
Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. "It' s iniquitous," they say, "that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are don't they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it's the consumer who pays."
The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisemerits, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are,too! A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due ehtirely to the money spent by advertisers.
Another thing we mustn't forget is the"small ads. "which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!
廣告的益處
廣告人往往喜歡誇張，或許這就是他們總是招人非議的原因吧。他們的批判者們對他們似乎有些憤憤之情，因爲他們有自我推銷的才華，也因爲他們揮金如土。“真是作孽呀!”那些人感嘆：“一個完全不創造價值的產業(如果還能把它稱作產業的話)每年竟然要花費數百萬英鎊。這隻能表示，那些大公司賺的錢多到什麼程度。他們爲何不停止做廣告以降低商品的價格呢?畢竟，要付錢的是消費者。”
可憐的消費者!若非有廣告爲商品開闢了大規模的市場，他們要付出的錢還多着呢!恰恰是由於大量的廣告宣傳才使得消費品如此便宜。但是，如果我們認爲廣告的惟一目的就是推銷商品的話，那就大錯特錯了。廣告的另一個同等重要的功能就是提供信息。廣告爲我們介紹新產品，或者提醒我們那些我們熟悉的老品牌的存在。
許多人佯言他們從不讀廣告，但是，認真地想一想，這種聲稱十分值得懷疑。如今要做到不讀廣告幾乎是不可能的。況且，廣告爲我們帶來多少樂趣呀!一則令人愉快、妙趣橫生的廣告會給一面單調乏味的牆或一張登滿各種災難的報紙平添多少變化呀!
