考研英語(一)閱讀理解部分由A、B、C三節組成，考查考生理解書面英語的能力。下面是小編整理的考研英語(一)閱讀理解練習試題，歡迎閱讀!
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.
[B] New runways would be constructed.
[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.
[D] The fashion industry would decline.
【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined
【解析】 推斷題。根據France定位到文章前兩段，第一段講法國決定時裝業失去了定義(define)形體美(physical beauty)的絕對權力。法國的立法者通過了一項法律，僱用超瘦的模特屬於犯罪，議會也禁止網站通過推崇極端節食“鼓動過度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. 他們建議美麗不應該以傷害身體健康爲代價的外表來界定。”由此可知，法國通過立法手段來改變法國時裝業模特超瘦的現狀，即[A]項的“形體美將會被重新定義”，是對原文內容的合理推斷。[B]項“將會建造新的舞臺”，[C]項“有關節食的網站將會興起”，[D]項“時裝業將會衰退”，均不能從文中推測出來，屬於“無中生有”。
22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to____
[A] heightening the value of.
[B] indicating the state of.
[C] losing faith in.
[D] doing harm to.
【答案】 [D] doing harm to
【解析】猜詞題。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他們建議美麗不應該以 身體健康爲代價的外表來界定。”impinging on後面的賓語爲“health”，即對健康的某種影響。根據第二段第三句“對超瘦模特的禁令似乎不僅僅是在防止模特捱餓致死——正如曾有人這麼做過的”，可見法國目前的對美麗的定義導致了有人爲了保持身材，捱餓致死，因此推測出這一短語在這裏的意思爲“侵犯，傷害”，[D]項“對……有害”正確。[A]項“增強了……的價值”，[B]項“反映了……的狀態”，[C]項“對……失去信心”均不符合句意。
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
[A] The French measures have already failed.
[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.
[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.
[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.
【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark
【解析】細節題。根據第五段第二句話“In Denmark, is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion... 在丹麥，它正嘗試爲模特設定自願的標準……”，可知[B]項“在丹麥新的標準正在被設定”是對原文的同義替換。[A]項“法國的措施失敗了”;[C]項“不再有來自同行執法的壓力”，文章第五段第二句後半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，屬於“正反混淆”;[D]項“它固有的問題變得更嚴重了”，文中第五段只提及時裝業有固有的問題，並未提及“變得更嚴重”，屬於“無中生有”。
24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____
[A] setting a high age threshold for models.
[B] caring too much about models’ character.
[C] showing little concern for health factors.
[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.
【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors
【解析】推斷題。題設爲“一個設計師很可能因爲什麼原因被CFW拒絕”，根據關鍵詞CFW可回到文中定位至倒數第二段，該段提到丹麥的時尚界就有關模特的年齡、健康及其他特性的內容達成一致意見，且一項新法案也明確規定，他們已經意識到時尚界對於人們尤其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來的影響，並且應該對此承擔責任，這一法規的執行方式就是拒絕一些設計師和模特經紀機構參加哥本哈根時裝週(CFW)。因此[C]項的“不關心健康因素”符合題意，爲正確答案。[D]項“追求完美的身體狀況”，[B]項的“過多關注模特的性格”，[A]項“設定了一個模特高齡門檻”，均不符合題意。
25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
【解析】主旨題。本文從首段就開始闡述法國通過立法禁止僱用超瘦的模特，時裝業已經失去了定義女性身體之美的絕對權力，且議會也禁止網站通過宣傳過度節食來強調過度消瘦。第二段繼續說明美麗不能只看外表，更不能以犧牲健康爲代價，時裝業應該爲傳遞給女性的不良信息負責。第三段說明女性不該讓他人來評判自己的美麗。第四段講法國的措施更多的是依靠嚴厲的懲罰。最後三段提到了丹麥與法國截然不同的措施。縱觀全文，文章主要在講各個國家對解決目前模特超瘦的現狀的措施，因此[D]項的“對時裝業身體典範的挑戰”是對原文的“高度概括”。
Text 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to
[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.
[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.
[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.
[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.
【答案】[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
【解析】這是一道事實細節題，根據題幹關鍵詞The Supreme Court迴文定位到第一段的第二句話，“The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest”,一一比對選項，原文中的“police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant”與選項C “check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized”是同義替換，其他選項均是無關選項。
27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D]cautiousness.
【答案】[A] disapproval
【解析】本題是觀點態度題，考察作者的態度。根據題幹關鍵詞“California’s argument”，可以定位到文章第四段第一句“They should start by discarding California’s lame argument…”。由第四段第一句話中的“discard(拋棄)”和“lame(沒有說服力的)”可以看出作者對於California’s argument 是不支持的態度，因此選A。
28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] getting into one’s residence.
[B] handling one’s historical records.
[C] scanning one’s correspondences.
[D] going through one’s wallet.
【答案】[A] getting into one’s residence
【解析】根據題幹關鍵詞the author believes和“exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to”可迴文定位到文章第四段第三句“But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home”，選項A語義與之一致，其中，getting into與entering對應，one’s residence與his or her home對應，故A選項爲正確答案。
29. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.
[B] the court is giving police less room for action.
[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.
[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.
【答案】[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
【解析】根據題幹信息In paragraphs 5and 6定位第5段第一句話“Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.及第6段最後一句話， they could take reasonable measures to.....，可推知作者的顧慮，因此答案爲C.
30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that
[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.
[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.
[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.
[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered
【答案】[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
【解析】這是一道例證題，根據題幹關鍵詞Orin Kerr可以迴文定位到文章最後一段。作者引用Orin Kerr這個人的比較是爲了說明相關的論點。分析最後一段結構可知，最後一段的第三句和第四句都是在闡述該例子本身，所以相關論點應該往前面找，即是第二句話，“New，disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protection”,選項A與之同義替換，其中，be implemented和applications對應，novel和flexibly對應。
