面對2018年的考研，不少考生已經開始備考了，其會考研英語是考生的備考重點之一。下面是應屆畢業生考試網小編爲大家整理的一篇2018考研英語閱讀理解預測文章，希望對大家有所幫助。
After a nuclear disaster like the one in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011, first responders need to quickly measure radiation exposure en masse and decide who requires urgent treatment. Existing tests are fast and accurate—but they rely on sophisticated laboratories, expensive machinery and meticulous work, says Dipanjan Chowdhury, a radiation oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. “We don’t have copious amounts of radiation drugs available” in such a situation, he adds. “So how do we decide who gets them?”
核災難發生以後，比如2011年的日本福島發生核泄漏事故，急救人員需要快速地測量周邊人員的輻射劑量進而確認誰需要進行緊急治療。達納法伯癌症中心放射腫瘤學家Dipanjan Chowdhury介紹說雖然現有的測試手段快速而準確，但其測試往往是基於高精尖端的實驗室、昂貴的設備以及細緻的工作。“並且在這種情況下，我們並沒有足夠的治療輻射的藥物，那麼我們該如何決定把有限的藥物給誰服用呢?”，他補充說道。
To address this question, Chowdhury and his colleagues are developing a simple assay that responders could deploy in the field with limited expertise or equipment. The test, described in March in Science Translational Medicine, detects levels of molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) in blood and other bodily fluids. The same researchers had previously identified certain miRNAs whose levels rise or fall in mice exposed to radiation.
爲了解決這個問題，喬杜裏和他的同事們正在開發一種簡單的分析方法，該方法可以讓急救人員在有限的專業水平或者設備等級進行相應的部署測試。在三月份的.《Science Translational Medicine》期刊上介紹了該方法，該方法通過檢測血液和其他體液中微小RNA分子(miRNAs)的含量進而進行相應的評價。同一領域的研究人員先前也在小鼠的身上發現並證實了在輻照下其體內的miRNAs含量出現相應的上升或下降現象。
Chowdhury’s team members found that this radiation signature also exists in monkeys (which are the best lab proxies for humans). Their study identifies seven miRNAs that fluctuate in both mice and macaques exposed to radiation. The monkeys were given lethal doses of 5.8, 6.5 or 7.2 grays of whole-body radiation, similar to levels inhaled by Fukushima workers (all the animals received “lethal” doses, but only some resulted in death). Together three of these miRNAs—miR-133b, miR-215 and miR-375—can indicate with 100 percent accuracy whether a macaque has encountered radiation, and two—miR-30a and miR-126—can predict whether the exposure will be fatal. The signature appears within 24 hours of exposure and can be measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a common technique. “Based on the ingredients and the complexity, the miRNA test should be significantly cheaper than any existing test,” Chowdhury says.
喬杜裏的團隊成員發現，這種輻射特徵也存在於猴子身上(人類最好的臨牀實驗對象)。他們研究發現並確定在老鼠和獼猴身上存在7種受輻射波動的miRNAs。實驗人員對猴子分別進行了致死的5.8、6.5、7.5的全身輻射劑量，該劑量等同於當時福島工作人員的輻射劑量(事實上當時所有的動物均受到了“致死”的輻射劑量，但僅部分死亡)。在這些miRNAS中，miR-133b, miR-215和miR-375三者可100%的準確檢測出獼猴是否受到了輻射，miR-30a和miR-126可預測輻射是否致命。這些信號在受到輻射後24h就會顯現出來並可以通過聚合酶鏈反應(PCR，一種常規的技術)來測量。喬杜裏說：“基於現有手段的測試成分和試驗複雜程度度，miRNA測試應該比現有的任何測試手段便宜得多。”
The findings in nonhuman primates are encouraging, says Nicholas Dainiak, director of the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site at the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, who was not involved in the study. Dainiak is skeptical, however, that the test will outperform the gold standard metric for radiation exposure: the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), which requires technical expertise and carefully calibrated equipment. “Every time a new test comes along, and you compare it with the DCA, it typically fails,” Dainiak says.
“在非人類的靈長類動物領域，該研究發現是令人鼓舞的”，橡樹嶺科學與教育研究所輻射的急救援助中心/培訓基地主任Nicholas Dainiak這樣說道，他並沒有參與這項研究。然而，對於該種測試方法能否優於輻射測試的黃金標準度量，也即需要較高技術水平及精心校準設備的雙着絲粒染色體分析(DCA)技術，Dainiak仍然持懷疑態度。“每一種新測試方法的出現，都會與DCA方法進行比較，但往往結果失敗，”Dainiak說。
Chowdhury has held informal talks with companies that are interested in creating a rapid diagnostic kit for radiation. “When we did this in mice, people said, ’We’ve seen a lot of stuff in mice that never pans out in primates,’” Chowdhury says. “Well, this seems to be panning out in primates.”
喬杜裏與有意創建輻射快速診斷試劑的公司進行了非正式的會談。喬杜裏說，“當我們在老鼠身上做試驗時，人們說我們在老鼠身上得到的大部分資料根本就不會在靈長類動物身上應驗’”。“好吧，但這次的試驗結果似乎在靈長類動物中也得到了證實。”
附：考研英語閱讀有什麼技巧嗎?
1、每一個問題，在原文中，都要有一個定位。然後精讀，找出那個中心句或者關鍵詞。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，閱讀理解考的就是這個“中心句”。
2、選項中的幾個單詞，是該段中不同句子裏的單詞拼湊的，有時看上去很舒服，注意，干擾項。還有從不同的段落裏的詞拼湊到一起的，直接排除。總之，選項的單詞是拼湊的，肯定錯。
3、一定要注意文章中句子的賓語部分，尤其是長難句中主幹的賓語。上面說了，考研英語大都是長難句裏設題。你要知道的是，長難句裏，最可能是出題的就是句子的主幹部分!主幹的主語、賓語是什麼，一定要知道。正確選項的題眼往往就在這兒。當然，還有一些起修飾、限定作用的詞，一定要看仔細。小心陷阱。
4、若某個問題，是特別長的一個句子，一定要看清問的是什麼，別打馬虎眼。這是做題時需要留意的地方。
