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Artists use caricature to distort the human face or figure for comic affect, __1__while at the same time capturing an identifiable likeness and suggests the essence __2__of the personality or character beneath the surface. The humor lies in the fact __3__the caricature is recognizable, and yet exaggerated.
From their origin in Europe as witty sketches, caricature grew through __4__the eighteenth and nineteenth century, becoming enormously popular in __5__the United States early in this century. In 1920s and 1930s especially,
this lively form of illustration was appeared in newspapers and __6__magazines throughout the country. The caricaturists in this era drew his __7__portraits of important figures primary to entertain. In spirit their work was __8__close to the humor of the fast-developing comic strip and gag cartoon than to the __9__string of political satire. Their subjects were more often amusing than offended __10__by amiable attacks.
答案：
1 將affect改爲effect,affect是動詞。effect是名詞。
2 將suggests改爲 suggesting,這是一個以while引導的從句，其中suggest應該與capturing並列。
3在fact後面加上that,因爲引導同位語從句的關係詞不可以省略。
4 將their改爲its,這裏its指代單數名詞caricature
5 將century改爲複數形式
6 將was省略,appear是不及物動詞，不應用於被動語態。
7 將his改爲their,這裏指代複數名詞 the caricaturists
8 將primary改爲primarily,primarily在這裏做狀語，修飾不定式短語
9 將close改爲比較級形式closer,從後面的連詞than，可以看出，這裏使用了比較狀語從句
10 將amusing改爲 amused,主語subject(受攻擊的人)和amuse的'邏輯關係是動賓關係，應使用過去分詞形式。
part 2Most people would describe water like a colorless liquid. They __1__would know that in very cold conditions it becomes a solid called ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam. __2__However, water, they would say, is a liquid. We have learned that water consists of molecules composed with two atoms of hydrogen __3__and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the formula H2O.
This is equally true of the solid called ice and the gas called ically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and the solid, all of which is made up of molecules with the formula H2O. __4__This is true of other chemical substances; most of them can exist as gases or as liquids or as solids. We may normally think of iron as a solid, but if we will heat it in a furnace, it will melt and become a __5__liquid, and at very high temperatures it will become a gas. Nothing
very permanent occurs when a gas changes into a liquid or a yone knows that ice, which has been made by freezing water,can be melted again by warmed and that steam can be condensed __6__on a cold surface to become liquid water. In fact, it is only because water is so a familiar substance that different names are used for __7__the solid, liquid and gas. Most substances are only familiar with __8__us in one state, because the temperatures requiring to turn them __9__into gases are very high, or the temperatures necessary to turn them into solids are so low. Water is an exception in this respect, which is another reason why its three states have given three different names. __10__
答案：
1 改like爲ribe sth as sth 是把……描述成……的意思。
2 改heating爲heated.在時間，條件，讓步等狀語從句中，當從句主語和主句主語是一致的時候，可以將從句的主語和be的變化形式省略。
3 改with爲 composed of 意思爲“包括，由……組成”
4 改is made up 爲 are made h 指代上文中的 the gas， the liquid，and the solid，表示複數概念，所以要用are
5 將第一個will去掉,在時間條件狀語從句和條件狀語從句中要用現在時表示將來時。
6 by改爲 warm 相當於 when it is warmed
7 改so爲such.
8改with爲to.短語familiar to 後面才能接“某人” familiar with 是接sth
9改requiring爲required.過去分詞短語作後置定語時，和被修飾的名詞時邏輯動賓關係。
10 have 後加 been.動詞give和主語three states 是動賓關係
