考研英語翻譯常見的經典句式有哪些

考研英語複習需要大家趁早下手準備,準備晚的考生到最後會比較慌亂。小編爲大家精心準備了考研英語翻譯常見的句子,歡迎大家前來閱讀。

考研英語翻譯常見的經典句式有哪些

  考研英語翻譯常見的經典句式

句子一:

When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.

當有報道進入倫敦公園,that是report的定語從句,也就是解釋report的內容,是說有一隻野生美洲獅在距離倫敦以南45英里的地方被發現了。had been spotted是個被動語態;後邊they,指代複數名詞,前半句只有reports,這些報道並沒有得到嚴肅對待。

句子二:

However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the deions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

for表原因,因爲。for後邊的句子主語是deions,謂語是were n by people過去分詞作定語修飾deion,由誰給出的這一描述;who引導定語從句修飾people,聲稱看見過美洲豹的人。這一描述(跟報道)驚人的一致。

句子三:

Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.

該句是倒裝句,把nowhere提前引起部分倒裝,原型是:1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living nowhere than in the Far ere …than譯爲“除了……沒有其他地方”譯爲:1980年的美國人口統計更能顯示出,美國人遷往遙遠的西部(而不是其他地方)是爲了尋找廣闊的生活空間。在部分倒裝裏,do做助動詞置於主語前;more是比較級的用法。

句子四:

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collection to which a sample is compared.

第一句話,critics是主語argue是謂語,that後面是賓語從句,然後to which引導的是修飾collections的定語從句,因爲compare的固定用法是compare to/with sth,在which引導從句時候compare後面的to提到了which前面。評論家也指出商業的基因檢測僅僅和類似作爲樣本的參考蒐集一樣。

句子五:

But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

Because引導原因狀語從句,後邊是主句,不好理解的可能是way後邊的成分,the way做方式狀語,does代替have measurable benefits.這句話是說因爲強笑很難保持,所以不可能以衡量散步或慢跑好處的方式來衡量大笑帶來的好處。

文章都是由句子構成,因此分析每個句子對於打好前期基礎至關重要,對於其中每個單詞、每個語法、句子翻譯的掌握都是考研英語複習必不可少的環節。

  考研英語翻譯需要掌握基本句型和結構

英語中,常見的五種基本句型:

(1)主語+謂語(謂語爲不及物動詞)

(2)主語+謂語(謂語爲及物動詞)+賓語

(3)主語+謂語(謂語爲及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語

(4)主語+謂語(謂語爲及物動詞)+直接賓語+間接賓語

(5)主語+系動詞+表語

在考研英語翻譯中,劃線部分的句子大多是長難句,但是不管句子有多長,句子結構有多複雜,這些句子都能夠迴歸到英語的“五種基本句型”上,即再複雜的句子,只要提煉出主幹或主句,就對句子的基本框架有了一個總體的把握。而這五種基本句型都必然包含一個謂語動詞,所以謂語動詞就是抓主幹的突破口。英語句子由短到長,主要藉助於連詞、介詞、分詞、非謂語動詞等手段,其中連詞主要是and, but等並列連詞和what, which,who等從屬連詞。換句話說,這些連詞、介詞、分詞、非謂語動詞等把句子分成了一個又一個的小意羣,因而成了句子結構劃分的拆分點。特別是連詞在句子由短變長方面的作用舉足輕重,其中,並列連詞把兩個獨立的分句連在了一起,從屬連詞把一個獨立的分句與一個從句連接在了一起。但是,不管是從句還是分句都有自己的謂語動詞,具體說來,and, but 連接的並列分句中的謂語動詞都是主句謂語動詞,而從屬連詞which, that, where 等所引導的從句中都各配備有一個屬於從句的謂語動詞。所以,在長難句的分析過程中,只要我們找到了這些連詞和主從句的謂語動詞,句子結構就一目瞭然了。

一、應抓住考研英語長難句的拆分點

(1)要明確拆分的目的

把英語長難句拆分的目的是把主句和從句拆分開來,把主幹部分和修飾部分拆分開來,理清句子結構。

(2)英語句子的拆分點

1)標點符號

標點符號是英語句子當中最爲明顯的切分標誌,有幾個典型的標點符號可以幫助我們迅速切分句子的意羣。比如說雙逗號、破折號、冒號、分號等。譬如,如果雙逗號之間是介詞短語或者是副詞短語、或者雙逗號前後是被分開的主謂結構,這時雙逗號之間往往是插入語的成分,也就是說,讀句子時爲了把握住主幹結構,可以先跳過這個成分,從而提高結構拆分的速度。破折號、冒號後面一般都是解釋說明的部分,它們可以成爲句子的拆分點。分號相當於and 把句子分成並列的意羣,也是很好的拆分點。考生在讀句子時應首先看看有沒有這樣的標點符號,從而更好地斷句。

2)並列連詞

考生一定搞清 and, or, but, yet, for 等都是並列連詞,是並列句的拆分:點,這些並列連詞連接的是並列句。

3)從屬連詞

考生一定要清楚從屬連詞引導從句,是主從複合句的拆分點。狀語從句的連接詞有:when, as, since, until ,before, after, where, because, though, although, so that等;名詞性從句連接詞有:that, whether/if, who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, when, where, how, why等;定語從句的連接詞有:who, which, that, whom, whose, when, why, where等。

4)動詞不定式和分詞

不定式結構(to do)常常構成不定式短語,可以用來做定語或者狀語,可以是拆分點;分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞,常常用來構成分詞短語做定語或者狀語等修飾語,也可以是拆分點。

5)介詞短語

由on, in, with, at, of, to 等介詞構成的介詞短語可以用來做定語或者狀語等修飾語,所以它們也是理解英語句子的拆分點。

以上這些“信號詞”在拆分英語句子時可能斷開的地方,但並不是絕對的。它們有助於我們看清句子結構,進而更好地理解英語原文。但是,在拆分長難句的過程中,最好不要把單獨的一個英語單詞拆分出來,基礎好的`同學可以不用過細地拆分。

考研英語真題中長難句拆分與表達的示例

This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

(1)句子拆分

拆分點:從屬連詞、介詞、標點符號

This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.

(2)句子結構

找謂語動詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);

找連詞(when, that, that)

前面沒有從屬連詞的動詞即爲主句的謂語動詞

確定主從句

主句:This trend began during the Second World War ;

從句:定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War,本從句嵌套着一個二級從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個三級從句that引導的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。

(3)解析

during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定語修飾the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。

(4)本句的參考譯文

這種趨勢始於第二次世界大戰期間,當時一些國家的政府得出結論:政府向科研機構提出的要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。

總之,只要考生對句子結構有個透徹的理解,弄清句子的各個成分,並可以藉助連詞、介詞、非謂語動詞等手段把句子由簡單變得複雜,由複雜變得簡單,這樣句子結構分析技能提高了,長難句也就攻克了,考研翻譯也就解決了。

  考研英語翻譯詞彙積累

1. 保護和改善生活和生態環境 protect and improve the living environment and the

ecological environment

2. 保護珍貴動植物 protect rare animals and plants

3. 普及環保知識 popularize environmental protection knowledge

4. 增強環境意識 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection

5. 改善生態環境 improve the eco-environment

6. 加強生態建設 improve the eco-construction

7. 防治污染 prevent and control pollution

8. 加強水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil

9. 加強城市綠化 strengthen the greening of the city

10. 提高環境管理水平 raise the environmental management level

11. 享受國家一級保護 enjoy first-class protection of the State

12. 加強環境保護 strengthen environmental protection

13. 保持生態平衡 keep ecological balance

14. 創造良好的生態環境 create a pleasant ecological environment

15. 採用環保技術 adopt environmental protection technique

16. 開展保護野生動物 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals

宣傳教育

17. 開展綠色活動 advocate green activities

18. 爲大量野生動植物提供棲息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals

and plants

19. 爲人類提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings

20. 非常注重保護森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest

21. 產生巨大的水文效應 produce great hydrological effects

22. 引發一系列的問題 result in a series of problems

23. 幫助減緩全球變暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming

24. 保留爲自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland

25. 提高居民的環保和生態意識 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness

26. 進一步加快環保規劃 further speed up environmental protection plans

27. 完善城市基礎設施建設 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure

28. 促進城市可持續發展 promote the sustainable development of the city

29. 符合舉辦奧運會的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games

30. 擴建管道網絡 expand the pipe network

31. 淘汰或改造燃煤鍋爐 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers

32. 禁止露天焚燒 prohibit burning out in the open

33. 發展太陽能 develop solar energy

34. 提高清潔能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources

35. 減少機動車輛 reduce the number of vehicles

36. 使用清潔能源 burn clean fuel

37. 實行嚴格的機動車排放標準 implement strict vehicle emission standards

38. 關閉化工廠 close chemical plants

39. 減少浪費 reduce waste

40. 加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control

41. 治理沙地和水土流失問題 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion

42. 加強珍稀野生動植物的保護工作 protect rare wild animals and plants

43. 崇尚綠色生活方式 pursue a “green” life

44. 使用再生紙 use recycle paper

45. 參加環保運動 take part in environmental protection activities

46. 堅持門前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area’

47. 參加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city

48. 注重節約資源 attach importance to saving resources

49. 採用新的開採方法 apply new exploitation methods

50. 削減污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants