考博英語翻譯對很多考生來說，都覺得是一道難題，其實不然，掌握了必要的方法和規律，往往會有意想不到的效果。以下是YJBYS小編搜索整理的關於2017考博英語翻譯的八種翻譯法，供參考閱讀，希望對大家有所幫助!想了解更多相關信息請持續關注我們應屆畢業生培訓網!
▶重譯法
在考博英語翻譯中，有時爲了忠實於原文，不得不重複某些詞語，否則就不能忠實表達原文的意思。重譯法有如下三大作用：一是爲了明確;二是爲了強調;三是爲了生動。
We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.
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▶增譯法
爲了使譯文忠實地表達原文的意思與風格並使譯文合乎表達習慣，必須增加一些詞語。
A new kind aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless -is attracting increasing attention.
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▶減譯法
和其他一切事物一樣，翻譯也是有增必有減。理解了增譯法之後也就明白了減譯法，它是增譯法的反面。
These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.
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▶詞類轉譯法
在翻譯時，由於兩種語言在語法和習慣表達上的差異，在保證原文意思不變的情況下，譯文必須改變詞類，這就是詞類轉譯法，這種方法不僅指詞類的改變，而且還包括詞類作用的改變和一定詞序的`變化。
(1)a.→v.
The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions.
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(2)n.→a.
In all this great serenity of ocean it is seldom that we espy so much as another ship.
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還有其它詞類轉移的情況，這裏將不再一一贅述，總之，詞類轉移要遵守忠實與通順的原則。
▶詞序調整法
詞序調整法的英語inversion一詞，不能譯成“倒譯”、“倒譯法”或“顛倒詞序”之類，否則容易和語法中的“倒裝”概念相混淆。inversion作爲一種翻譯技巧，其意思爲：翻譯時對詞序作必要或必不可少的改變，並不只是純粹的顛倒詞序或倒裝。
It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.
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▶正義反譯，反義正譯
negation在語法與翻譯兩個不同學科中含義不盡相同。作爲一種翻譯技巧，它主要指在翻譯實踐中，爲了使譯文忠實而合乎語言習慣地傳達原文的意思，有時必須把原文中的肯定說法變成譯文中的否定說法，或把原文中的否定說法變成譯文中的肯定說法。
(1) 需要正義反譯的詞和短語有：deny“否決，否定→不給予”;miss“錯過→沒趕上(交通工具);沒聽(看到)或沒聽(看懂)”;live up to one’s expectations“不(沒)辜負……的希望”;divert attention from“將注意力從……移開→沒有意識到”;be absent“未出席;沒來”;far from“遠非;完全不”;final“最終的→不可改變的”;idly“漫不經心地;無所事事地”;be at a loss “不知所措”;rather than/instead of“而不是”;absent-minded“心不在焉的”;but for“要不是;如果沒有”等。
The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying, “We’ll forever live up to what our Party expects of us.”
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(2)需要反義正譯的詞彙是含有no或not的一些短語，如：no less than“實在是;正如;不少於”;no less…than“和……一樣;不亞於”;no other than“只有;正是”;none other than(用以加強語氣)“正是;恰恰是;不是別人，正是……”;nothing but“只有(是);只不過”;no choice but“別無選擇只(好)得”;以及一些帶有詞綴的詞，如：unfold“展開;呈現”;disappear“消失;失蹤”;carelessly“馬馬虎虎地;粗心地”等。
From the passage we learn that an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice.
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▶分譯法
分譯法主要用於長句的翻譯。爲了使譯文忠實、易懂，有時不得不把一個長句譯成兩句或更多的句子。這是分譯法的主要內容，此處所謂的句子不在於結尾處用句號，而在於有無主謂結構，一般說來，含有一個主謂結構的語言部分就是一個句子。這種句子大是含有定語從句的句子，在英漢互譯時，尤其在英譯漢中，如能將定語從句譯成前置定語，則儘量避免其他譯法;如譯成前置定語不合適，一般是分譯成另外一個獨立的句子或另一種從句，如譯成狀語從句等。
It is obvious that his period in office was marked by steep rise in his country’s oil revenues and the beginning of a social-political crisis brought out by wide-scale misuse of the $25 billion a year earning from oil.
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▶語態變換法
這裏所說的語態是指主動語態和被動語態，這兩種語態在英漢兩種語言中的使用情況是很不相同的，被動語態的使用是科技文章的主要特點之一，其用法十分廣泛。在漢語中，我們可用“被、讓、把、遭、換、使、由、受到，爲……所”等詞來表示被動。但在漢語中的被動語態使用頻率比英文要低得多。因此，在遇到被動語態時，應遵循漢語的習慣，如譯成被動語態不通，則譯成主動語態。
(1)保留其被動語
Goodyear, an American, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, non-sticky, and yet elastic.
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(2)將被動改爲主動
① 翻譯成漢語的無主語，如果被動句不含by的話。
If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing.
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②將that引導的主語從句仍然譯爲賓語，但要加上表泛指的詞語(如人們、大家、我們等)做主語。如：
It is hoped that…
It is reported that…
It is said that…
It is supposed that…
It must be admitted that…
It must be pointed out that…
It is asserted that…
It is believed that…
It is well known that…
It will be said that…
It will be seen from this that…
It was told that…
I was told that…
It may be said…
It may be argued that…
注意：如果被動結構既有過去分詞又有by(或in, for)引導的介詞短語，這時將動作的發出者譯成主語。如：It is imagined by many that…
