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英譯中(選自2014年11月紐約時報)
Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.
在蒂昂戈利(Thiengoly)，老人們常說起過去樹木繁多、遮天蔽日的景象。而現在，這座塞納加爾西北部的村莊已經被棕紅色的沙土包圍，剩下的只有星星點點的灌木和樹木。乾燥的動物糞便四處散落，枯草卻難覓蹤跡。
Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”
人類學家吉勒斯·博爾特斯(Gilles Boetsch)說，撒哈拉沙漠情況惡化加速，主要原因是過度放牧和氣候變化。目前，他正在這一區域指導法國科學家團隊和塞內加爾籍的探索者進行合作研究。 “當地的珀爾(Peul)族以放牧爲生，有時也過遊牧生活。但牧羣對於這片土地的壓力已大得讓其無力承受，”博爾特斯先生在一次採訪中說，“這樣植被無法自己再生。”
Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green t proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the e many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.
自2008年，塞內加爾已經開始對沙漠侵蝕宣戰。過去的每年，該國都會沿着長545公里長(約合340英里)的帶狀區域種植 200 萬株幼苗，這片區域就是“綠色長城”在塞內加爾境內的部分。“綠色長城”是泛非洲主義者的綠植再生項目，該項目最初在 2005 年提出，現在聯合了塞內加爾和其他十個撒哈拉國家一同建設，這條綠化帶寬 15 千米，長 7100 千米，旨在防止沙漠侵襲。當許多國家着手準備自己國家所負責的綠化帶區域時，塞內加爾已經率先爲“綠色長城”項目設立了國家級機關。
“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.
“這片半乾旱的區域已經越來越不適宜居住了。我們希望讓人類在這裏居住成爲可能”，薩拉上校致力於塞內加爾當地研究者和博爾特斯帶領的法國團隊在包括土壤微生物學，生態學，藥劑學和人類學等領域通力合作。“在塞內加爾，我們希望試行各種方法讓其他國家也能獲益，這樣他們也會更加活躍”，上校先生說道。自2008年來，每年從五月到六月，該項目的八個護林所招募了約 400 人，他們的工作主要是挑選並繁育種子，並在八月份左右，將其育成幼苗。屆時，該項目會動員1000人去植樹約 200 棵，讓它們能在旱季之前，有兩個月的雨季落地生根。
After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this e are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.
第一次的旱季過後，這些樹苗看起來已半死不活，棕色的樹枝從地面支出來。但卻有 80% 的樹苗成活。六年來，2008 年種下的樹植長到了 3 米高(約合10英尺)。到現在，算上今年種的 4000 公頃，已經累計種樹 3 萬公頃(約合 7.5萬畝)。
“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he life is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.
法國克萊蒙特(Clennot-Ferrand)地區帕斯卡爾大學的地理學教授簡·呂佩裏說，在微氣候學上，已經有了一些可見的變化。在該項目中，他放置了30個溫度記錄儀。佩裏教授在一次採訪中提出，“樹木的呼吸作用創造了一個微氣候，這樣的微氣候可以減緩日常的極端氣溫。這些樹木在減慢颳風造成的`土壤侵蝕，減少塵土有着重要作用，就像門墊一樣，阻止從撒哈拉沙漠來的沙塵暴。”他補充說。野生動物也發現了環境的變化。博爾特斯先生說，“候鳥又出現了。”
The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.
該項目所使用的八個地下水泵站均建於 1954 年，在1960年塞內加爾從法國獨立出來之前。水泵爲動植物存活依賴的大盆地提供水源，滋養水果和蔬菜生長。
中譯英(選自《中國的醫療衛生事業》白皮書)
CATTI 漢譯英學習(23)：中國的醫療衛生事業
譯文爲國新辦官方發佈英文版。
健康是促進人的全面發展的必然要求。提高人民健康水平，實現病有所醫的理想，是人類社會的共同追求。在中國這個有着13億多人口的發展中大國，醫療衛生關係億萬人民健康，是一個重大民生問題。
Good health is a prerequisite for promoting all-round development of the person. And it is a common pursuit of human societies to improve people’s health and ensure their right to medical care. For China, a large developing country, medical and healthcare is of vital importance to its population of over 1.3 billion, and is a major issue concerning its people’s well being.
中國高度重視保護和增進人民健康。憲法規定，國家發展醫療衛生事業，發展現代醫藥和傳統醫藥，保護人民健康。
China pays great attention to protecting and improving its people’s health. As the Constitution stipulates, “The state develops medical and health services, promotes modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine…, all for the protection of the people’s health.
多年來，中國堅持“以農村爲重點，預防爲主，中西醫並重，依靠科技與教育，動員全社會參與，爲人民健康服務，爲社會主義現代化建設服務”的衛生工作方針，努力發展具有中國特色的醫療衛生事業。
Over the years, China has worked hard to develop its medical and health services with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the policy of “making rural areas the focus of our work, putting disease prevention first, supporting both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, relying on science, technology and education, and mobilizing the whole of society to join the efforts, improving the people’s health and serving socialist modernization.”
經過不懈努力，覆蓋城鄉的醫療衛生服務體系基本形成，疾病防治能力不斷增強，醫療保障覆蓋人口逐步擴大，衛生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明顯改善。
Thanks to unremitting efforts that have been made, medical and healthcare systems covering both urban and rural residents have taken shape, the capabilities of disease prevention and control have been enhanced, the coverage of medical insurance has expanded, continuous progress has been made in medical science and technology, and the people’s health has been remarkably improved.
隨着中國工業化、城市化進程和人口老齡化趨勢的加快，居民健康面臨着傳染病和慢性病的雙重威脅，公衆對醫療衛生服務的需求日益提高。與此同時，中國衛生資源特別是優質資源短缺、分佈不均衡的矛盾依然存在，醫療衛生事業改革與發展的任務十分艱鉅。
With the quickened pace of the country’s industrialization and urbanization, as well as its increasingly aging population, the Chinese people are facing the dual health threats of infectious and chronic diseases, and the public needs better medical and health services. In the meantime, problems still exist regarding China’s health resources, especially the shortage of high-quality resources and the unbalanced distribution of those resources. China has arduous tasks ahead for reforming and developing its medical and health services.
