試題一：
怎樣在書上做標記
1. You know youhave to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. Iwant to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of yourreading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unlessyou do,you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.
1、你知道讀書必須要閱讀，“字裏行間的言外之意”，以求最充分的理解。我勸你在讀書過程中做一件同等重要的事情;我勸你“在字裏行間裏寫字”。不這樣做，就達不到最有效的閱讀效果。
2. I contend,quitebluntly,that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but love.
2、坦率地說，我認爲，在書上塗抹標記不是一種損毀行爲，而是愛。
3. You shouldn'tmark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend youbooks expect you to keep them clean,and you should. If you decide that I amright about the usefulness of marking books,you will have to buy them. Most ofthe world's great books are available today,in reprint editions,for a modestsum.
3、當然，你不應該在不屬於你的書上做標記。借給你書的圖書管理員(或者你的朋友)希望你保持書的整潔，你應該這樣做。如果你認爲我說的在書上做標記頗有益處這番話是對的，你就得自己買書。現在，絕大部分世界上的好書都有再版，我們很容易買到，並且價格合理。
4. There are twoways in which you can own a book. The first is the property right you establishby paying for it,just as you pay for clothes,and furniture. But this act ofpurchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when youhave made it a part of yourself,and the best way to make yourself a part of itis by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy abeefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's icebox to your own. But you do notown the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get itinto your bloodstream. I am arguing that books,too,must be absorbed in yourbloodstream to do you any good.
4、一個人擁有書的方式有兩種，第一種是花錢取得財產所有權，就像你花錢買衣服和傢俱一樣。但是，這種購買行爲僅是擁有書的前提。只有你將它化爲自己的一部分後，你才完全佔有了它;同時，把你自己融入書中的最好方法就是在書中寫字。打個比方可能使這個觀點更清楚。你買了一塊牛排，把它從屠夫的冰箱裏移到了你自己的(冰箱裏)。但是，從最重要的意義上說，你並沒有擁有這塊牛排，除非你吃下它並將它吸收進你的血液之中。我的觀點是，書的營養也必須應該被“吸收到血液”中，才能對你有所裨益。
5. Confusion aboutwhat it means to own a book leads people to a false reverence forpaper,binding,and type-a respect for the physical thing-the craft of theprinter rather than the genius of the author. They forget that it is possiblefor a man to acquire that idea,to possess the beauty,which a great bookcontains,without staking his claim by pasting his bookplate inside the ng a fine library doesn't prove that its owner has a mind enriched bybooks; it proves nothing more than that he,his father,or his wife,was richenough to buy them.
5、對於“擁有書籍”的真正含義的誤解使人們錯誤地崇敬紙張、裝訂和樣式-這是對物質的崇敬-是崇敬印刷工人的技藝，而不是書籍作者的才華。他們忘記了，即使不在封面裏貼上藏書票表明自己對書籍的擁有，人們也可以從一本偉大的著作中獲得它的精神，領略它的美麗。一個好書房並不能證明它的主人學富五車;僅僅說明他、他的父親或是他的妻子有錢買書而已。
6. There are threekinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets andbest-sellers-unread,untouched. (This deluded individual owns woodpulp andink,not books.) The second has a great many books-a few of them readthrough,most Of them dipped into,but all of them as clean and shiny as the daythey were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own,but isrestrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has afew books or many every one of them dogeared and dilapidated,shaken andloosened by continual use,marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This manowns books.)
6、書籍擁有者可以分爲三種。第一種人擁有全部的標準成套書和暢銷書，-既沒讀過，也沒碰過。(這種人佔有的只是紙漿和油墨，不是書籍。)第二種人藏書很多-其中幾本被通讀過，大部分則淺嘗輒止，但是所有的書都跟新買時一樣整潔光亮。(這種人可能想使書籍真地爲其所用，但因錯誤地過分關注書籍的外觀而裹足不前。)第三種人藏書或多或少-因不斷使用，每本書都書角捲起，破舊不堪，裝訂破損，書頁鬆散，全書從扉頁至末頁都畫滿了記號，塗滿了字句。(這種人纔是書的真正擁有者。)
7. Is it falserespect,you may ask,to preserve intact and unblemished a beautifully printedbook,an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over afirst edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set ofcrayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a soul,so to speak,is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rareedition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or astatue.
7、你可能要問，將一本印刷精美、裝幀雅緻的書保存完好，難道也是不恰當的嗎?當然不是。我絕不會在一本初版的《失樂園》上亂塗亂寫，就像我不會把一幅倫勃朗的原作連同一盒蠟筆交給我的孩子任意塗抹一樣!我決不會在一幅繪畫或者一座雕像上做標記。、
8. But the soul ofa book can be separated from its body. A book is more like the score of a pieceof music than it is like a painting. No great musician confuses a symphony withthe printed sheet of music. Arturo Toscanini revered Brahms,but Toscanini's scoreof the C-minor Symphony was so thoroughly marked up that no one but the maestrohimself could read it. The reason why a great conductor makes notations on hismusical scores-marks them up again and again each time he returns to studythem-is the reason why you should mark your books. If your respect formagnificent binding or typography gets in the way,buy yourself a cheap editionand pay your respects to the author.
8、但是，一本書的靈魂能夠從它的軀體裏分離出來。與其說它像下幅畫，還不如說它更像一首樂曲的總譜。任何偉大的音樂家都不會將一首交響曲和一張印刷的樂譜相混淆。托斯卡尼尼非常崇敬博拉姆斯，但他的C小調交響曲的樂譜上畫滿了標記，以致只有大師本人才能看懂。爲什麼一個偉大的指揮家會在樂譜上做記號-甚至每次研究都會重複標記-其中的奧妙正是你應該在書上做記號的原因。如果你對華美的裝幀和印刷的尊重妨礙你讀書的話，就給自己買一種便宜的版本，同時對書的作者表達敬意就可以了。
9. Why is markingup a book indispensable to reading? First,it keeps you awake. (And I don't meanmerely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place,reading,if it isactive,is thinking,and thinking tends to express itself in words,spoken orwritten. That marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally,writinghelps you remember the thoughts you had,or the thoughts the author expressed.
9、爲什麼在閱讀過程中在書上做標記是必不可少的呢?首先，它會使你保持清醒。(我指的不是僅僅神智清醒;我的意思是它能使你全神貫注。)其次，如果閱讀是一種能動的行爲，那麼它就是思考，而想法常常須藉助口頭的或書面的語言來表達出來。做過記號的書，通常是讀者認真思考過的書。最後，寫可以幫助你記住閱讀時的思想，或作者所表達的思想。
10. If reading isto accomplish anything more than passing time,it must be active. You can't letyour eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding ofwhat you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction,like,say,Gone 14h'ththe Wind,doesn't require the most active kind of reading. The books you readfor pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation,and nothing is lost. But agreat book,rich in ideas and beauty,a book that raises and tries to answergreat fundamental questions,demands the most active reading of which you are don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey3 the way you absorb the songs of apopular singer. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you'reasleep.
10、如果(你的)閱讀的目的不僅僅是消磨時間，那就應該是一種積極的思維活動，僅僅讓你的眼睛在書上掃視一遍，你不可能對所讀的內容有所理解。當然，一部普通的消遣小說，比如說《飄》，並不需要那種最積極的思維式的閱讀。作爲消遣的書，可以輕鬆地讀而不會有所失。但一本思想豐富、文字華美，試圖提出帶根本性的重大問題並加以回答的偉大著作，則要求你儘可能地進行最積極的閱讀。你不可能像欣賞流行歌曲那樣領略杜威的思想。你要花力氣才能獲得，漫不經心是做不到的。
11. If,when you'vefinished reading a book,the pages are filled with your notes,you know you readactively. The most famous active reader of great books I know was PresidentHutchins,of the University of Chicago. He also hadthe hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariablyread with a pencil,and sometimes,when he picked up a book and pencil in theevening,he found himself,instead of making intelligent notes,drawing what hecalled "caviar factories" on the margins. When that happened,he putthe book down. He knew he was too tired to read,and was just wasting time.
11、如果，你讀完一本書的時候，書頁上寫滿了你的批註，你就知道自己的閱讀是積極的。我知道的最有名的採用積極方式閱讀偉大著作的人是，芝加哥大學的校長哈金斯。他也是我所知道的公務最繁忙的人。他讀書時總是拿着鉛筆。有時，當他在晚上拿起書和鉛筆的時候，發覺自己並沒有在做有意義的筆記，而是在頁邊空白處亂塗亂畫一些他稱之爲“魚子醬工廠”的東西。一出現這種情況，他就會放下書本。他知道自己太累了以致讀不下去，(再繼續看書)完全是在浪費時間。
