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一個人生活在世上，就好像水泥攪拌器裏的石子一樣，運轉起來之後，身不由己。使我們感覺到，不是某一個人的問題，而是社會問題，而是文化問題。耶穌臨死的時候說：“寬容他們!他們做的他們不知道。”年輕時候讀這句話，覺得稀鬆平常，長大之後，也覺得這句話沒有力量。但是到了我現在這個年齡，才發現這句話多麼深奧，多麼痛心。使我想到我們中國人，成了今天這個樣子，我們的醜陋，來自於我們不知道我們醜陋。我到愛荷華，我們夫婦的經費是由愛荷華大學出一半，再由私人捐助一半，捐助一半的是愛荷華燕京飯店老闆，一位從沒有回過中國的中國人裴竹章先生，我們從前沒見過面，捐了一個這麼大的數目，使我感動。他和我談話，他說：“我在沒有看你的書之前，我覺得中國人了不起，看了你的書之後，才覺得不是那麼一回事，所以說，我想請你當面指教。”
背景介紹
《醜陋的中國人》是臺灣作家柏楊先生的'著名作品，其實是一部他在各地以《醜陋的中國人》爲題演講的合集。作者指出中國傳統文化有一種濾過性疾病，這種疾病使我們的子子孫孫受感染，到今天也不能痊癒。這篇雜文雖不如魯迅先生的雜文來得犀利，但是更爲深刻，翻譯時要注意用詞。
難點解析
1. “一個人生活在世上 ……”：這裏 “一個人生活在世上” ，無需譯成 “when people live in this world”, 只需要翻譯成“life is like...”，這樣更顯簡練。
2. 運轉起來之後：這裏用“toss”更好，因爲是在水泥攪拌器裏，“toss”更能體現出攪拌的意味。
3. 身不由己：這裏的意思是身處社會中，人失去對自己的控制 ，所以用 “loses control of its own existence”更爲貼切。
4. “使我們感覺到，不是某一個人的問題，而是社會問題，而是文化問題。”：在這句話的翻譯中，作者增譯 “I could cite similar analogies”以此作爲強調。“不是 ……而是 ……”可以使用 “not ...”句型 ，中文喜用散句 ，而英文喜用整句 ，故此句可合譯爲一句話 ： “The conclusion I always come to is that the problems of the Chinese people are not individual but rather social and cultural problems.”。
5. 耶穌臨死的時候說：“寬容他們!他們做的他們不知道。”：聖經中多用簡單詞彙;所以即使沒有讀過聖經，也可以譯出。全句譯爲：Before he died, Jesus said, “Forgive them, for they know not what they do”。
6. “年輕時候讀這句話 ，覺得稀鬆平常……”： “稀鬆平常”如果翻譯成 “common things”則太顯平淡，如用兩個形容詞“bland”和“frivolous”表明“稀鬆”和 “平常”則更奪人眼球。
7.“……這句話沒有力量” ：說 明作者覺得上述所言缺乏實質 ，不能給人力量 ，故可譯爲 “lacked substance”，如若譯成: “statement lacks power.”則顯得不地道 。
8.“但是到了我現在這個年齡”：此句中“到了我現在這個年齡”如若譯成 “when it comes to my age”略顯累贅，只需譯爲“now”就可以了。
9. “……才發現這句話多麼深奧，多麼痛心”： “才發現 …… ” 可用強調句式“Only...”的倒裝句，“發現”一詞可以用“appreciate” ，透露出作者隨年齡增長能品味出 “Jesus’ statement”的意義。全句譯爲：“Only now do I appreciate its profundity and bitter irony.”這裏用“bitter irony”來表明作者的痛苦，諷刺 。
10. “使我想到我們中國人，成了今天這個樣子，我們的醜陋，來自於我們不知道我們醜 陋” ：整句話缺少一個主語 ，但是從整個句子可以看出，主語爲“Jesus’ statement” ， 但因前文已用過 “statement”一詞 ，故此處可以用“word”代替。“來自於”可以譯成“grow out of”， “out of”有“出於……”的意思。全句譯爲：“Jesus’ words taught me that the Chinese people’s ugliness grows out of our own ignorance of the fact that we are ugly.”。
參考譯文
Life is a little bit like a stone in a cement mixer; when it gets tossed around with the other ingredients, it loses control of its own existence. I could cite similar analogies, but the conclusion I always come to is that the problems of the Chinese people are not individual but rather social and cultural problems. Before he died, Jesus said, “Forgive them, for they know not what they do”. When I first heard that statement as a child, I thought it rather bland and frivolous, and as I grew older I continued to feel that it lacked substance. Only now do I appreciate its profundity and bitter irony. Jesus’ words taught me that the Chinese people’s ugliness grows out of our own ignorance of the fact that we are ugly. The expenses for our trip to the United States were borne by Iowa University and Pei Zhuzhang, the owner of the Yenching Restaurant in Iowa City. Pei is a Chinese-American who had never set foot on China, nor met me before.
His generosity moved me deeply. He said, “Before reading your books, I felt that the Chinese people were a great people. After reading them my thinking changed entirely. Your books inspired me and made me want to hear you speak in person.”
part 2有一種人我最不喜歡和他下棋，那便是太有涵養的人。殺死他一大塊，或是抽了他一個車，他神色自若，不動火，不生氣，好像是無關痛癢，使得你覺得索然寡味。君子無所爭，下棋卻是要爭的。當你給對方一個嚴重威脅的時候，對方的頭上青筋暴露，黃豆般的汗珠一顆顆地在額上陳列出來，或哭喪着臉作慘笑，或咕嘟着嘴作吃屎狀，或抓耳撓腮，或大叫一聲，或長吁短嘆，或自怨自艾口中唸唸有詞，或一串串的噎嗝打個不休，或紅頭漲臉如關公，種種現象，不一而足，這時節你“行有餘力”便可以點起一支菸，或啜一碗茶，靜靜地欣賞對方的苦悶的象徵。我想獵人困逐一隻野兔的時候，其愉快大概略相彷彿。因此我悟出一點道理，和人下棋的時候，如果有機會使對方受窘，當然無所不用其極，如果被對方所窘，便努力作出不介意狀，因爲既不能積極地給對方以煩惱，只好消極地減少對方的樂趣。
背景介紹
《下棋》是梁實秋散文中較有代表性的一篇，其顯著特點之一，就是細緻入微地寫出了下棋、觀棋和悟棋的獨到而深刻的感受。下棋的最大樂趣在於自己局勢有利時，靜靜地欣賞對方痛苦不堪的種種窘態。梁實秋先生一口氣用了八個“或”字，把對方的窘態繪聲繪色、惟妙惟肖地列舉出來，使人如臨其境，如聞其聲。而在自己處於下風時，也應不動聲色，減少對方的樂趣。
難點解析
1. 君子無所爭： “君子”即 “gentleman”， “爭”即 “競爭”(contest )，下棋也算是兩人間的比賽 ，所以這裏選用“contest”。全句譯爲“A real gentleman seldom contests with others.”。
2. “下棋卻是要爭的”：這裏的“爭”也有 “競爭”的意思，但更含有一種想贏的心態 ，因此譯爲“do sb. down”，有“勝過某人”的意思。全句譯爲“He will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess.”。
3. “當你給對方一個嚴重威脅的時候”：譯爲“when you put him on the spot”，詞組“put sb. on the spot”意思是“使人爲難，使某人陷入窘境”。
4. “頭上青筋暴露”：“青筋”即“blue veins”，全句譯爲“see blue veins standing out on his temples”，“頭上”譯爲“on the temples”，“temple”指“太陽穴”。
5. “黃豆般的汗珠”： “黃豆般的”即“the size of soybean”，故詞組譯爲“drops of cold sweat the size of soybean”。
6. “一顆顆地在額上陳列出來”：“一顆顆”並不需要譯出 ，因爲前面的“drops”一詞已經體現出來 了。
7. “哭喪着臉作慘笑”：“哭喪着臉”譯爲“a long face”，即“悶悶不樂的，不悅的臉色”。 “慘笑”譯爲“a wan smile”，“wan”原意爲“無血色的，蒼白的”。全句譯爲 “ a wan smile on his long face”。
8. “咕嘟着嘴作吃屎狀”：意思是 “涵養低的人落下風時嘟囔着嘴心情不好”，譯爲 “purse his lips in displeasure”，“purse”指“皺起 ，縮攏”。
9. “抓耳撓腮”：“scratch his head”。
10. “大叫一聲”：“let out a sharp cry”。“cry”一般指因恐懼、痛苦、驚奇等而喊叫。“shout”指有意識地高聲喊叫 ，常用於提出警告、發出指令或喚起注意等。“exclaim ”多指因高興、憤怒、痛苦、驚訝等突發感情而高聲喊叫。“roar”指發出大而深沉的聲音、吼叫或咆哮 。 “scream”指因恐懼、快樂或痛苦而發出的尖叫聲。“shriek”指因驚恐 、痛苦等或其他感情而發出比scream更爲尖銳、刺耳的叫聲。“yell”多指求援 、鼓勵時的呼叫，也可指因外界因素刺激而發出尖厲的聲音。“call”指大聲說話或喊叫，以引起某人 的注意。
11. “長吁短嘆” ：譯爲“sigh and groan”。“sigh”即“嘆息，嘆氣 ”，“groan”即 “呻吟 ，抱怨”。
12. “自怨自艾口中唸唸有詞”：“自怨自艾”譯爲“bitterly”即可“口中唸唸有詞”譯爲 “repent his folly”，“repent”指 “後悔、懺悔”，“folly”指“愚蠢 、荒唐事”。
13. “一串串的噎嗝打個不休”： “打嗝譯爲 “hiccup”，全句譯爲“keep hiccupping unceasingly”。
14. “紅頭漲臉如關公” ：譯爲“flush crimson with shame”。“flush”即“發紅，發亮”。 “crimson”即 “深紅色”。
15. “行有餘力”： “feeling carefree”。
16. “啜一碗茶”： “啜”在這裏譯爲名詞 “sip” ， “sip”有 “啜飲、抿 、小口喝”的意思 ，全句譯爲 “take a sip from your teacup”。
17. “靜靜地欣賞對方 的苦 悶的象徵”：“欣賞”譯爲“savor ” ，因爲“savor ”有 “盡情享受”的意思 ，可 以體現出 佔上風者 的從容 、愜意 。全句譯爲 “savor the signs of your opponent’s discomfort”。
18. “我想獵人 困逐一隻野兔 的時候 ，其愉快大概略相彷彿”：“其愉快大概略相彷彿”譯爲“the pleasure is by no means less than...” ，用“by no means less than”表示做強調。“獵人困逐一隻野兔”要注意“困”字，可以譯爲“at one’s mercy” ，表示野兔任其擺佈。全句譯爲“The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy.”。
參考譯文
The last man I would like to play chess with is a man with too much self-control. When he sees a huge piece of his position taken by his opponent (as in Go), or a chariot, lost to his opponent through an erroneous move (as in Chinese chess), he remains calm and unruffled, as if nothing whatever has happened. And that air of him will surely make you feel flat and insipid.A real gentleman seldom contests with others; he will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess. When you put him on the spot, you can expect to see blue veins standing out on his temples and drops of cold sweat the size of soybean appearing on his forehead. He will either wear a wan smile on his long face, or purse his lips in displeasure, or scratch his head, or let out a sharp cry, or sigh and groan, or bitterly repent his folly, or keep hiccupping unceasingly, or flush crimson with shame, and such like. And at such a moment, feeling care-free, you can light a cigarette or just take a sip from your teacup and savor the signs of your opponent ’s discomfort. The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy. And from this I have found out something—when engaged in a game of chess, you should resort to every conceivable means to embarrass your opponent, and try hard to remain calm when you yourself fall into difficulty. If you are unable to cause your opponent to suffer, why not try to let him find as little pleasure as possible from your trouble?
選 自 《中國體育(中英文版 )》
